Objective: To examine the evidence base for patterns of oro-facial injuries in physical abuse cases of children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. Data sources: Systematic searches of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central and grey literature, dating from the oldest entry to August 2017. Review methods: Search criteria included English language peer reviewed articles and theses on physical abuse cases affecting the age group of 0-17 years. Exclusion criteria were: Case reports and <10 case series; studies involving bite mark injuries elsewhere on the body, sexual, ritualistic or emotional abuse and neglect, exposure to domestic violence; reviews; book chapters and conference proceedings. The following data was extracted: quality and design of study, oro-facial manifestations, new/old injuries, fatalities, coexistent injuries, co-morbidities and radiologic investigations. Each study was subjected to two independent reviews and a third, if reviewers disagreed. Results: The authors identified 51 articles, 26 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. The oro-facial signs were superficial injuries of face, ears, neck, lips and oral mucosa, burns, torn fraenii and fractured teeth and jaws. A minority of studies stood out due to their well-developed design; expert opinion inclusion; new/old/occult injury investigations and facial bruising/ intraoral injuries as sentinel markers. Overall, the review demonstrated weak study quality and representativeness as well as lacunae in uniform reporting. Conclusions: The available literature does not endorse any pathognomonic signature patterns of child physical abuse to the exposed oro-facial region.

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Background: A high maternal mortality ratio is a serious public health issue in India. The lack of monitoring of pregnant mothers contributes to maternal deaths. Aims & Objectives: This To study the incidence of maternal mortality and the causes of maternal mortality at a tertiary care (teaching) institute over a period of 6 years from January 2006 -December 2010. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of maternal deaths from hospital records. Results: As per present study, MMR was 1180 per 100,000 live births. Haemorrhage (53%) was the leading cause of death. Anaemia was a contributory factor in almost all cases (63%) & most of the deaths were associated with intrauterine fetal deaths (71%). Conclusion: MMR of the institute was very high, because most patients were referred cases with no antenatal care.

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