Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease, which threatens the health of both adults and children. It is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and insulin resistance. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of Stevia rebaudiana and exercise on fatty liver in T2DM. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawely rats were divided into normal control, diabetic, Stevia treated diabetic, and exercise treated diabetic rats. Biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological examination for liver tissue were done. Results: in diabetic group, blood glucose level, HOMA index, cholesterol level, triglycerides level, bilirubin level, liver enzymes (ALT& AST), and MDA were significantly increased. While insulin level, GSH, and CAT activity were significantly decreased when compared to normal control group. Biochemical parameters and Oxidative stress markers were improved in the treated groups, the improvement was more significant in exercise treated group than Stevia treated group. Histopathological examination confirmed our results. Conclusion: Stevia rebaudiana and exercise could protect against liver injury induced by T2DM, as they improve glycemic state, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress markers Keywords -NAFLD -T2DM -Stevia -Exercise Bull. of Egyp. Soc. Physiol. Sci.
Diabetes mellitus has been linked with specific morphological and metabolic abnormalities in skeletal muscle in a fiber specific manner. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that regulates the development of erythrocytes through binding to a high affinity receptor expressed in erythroid progenitor cells. EPO receptor expression in non hematopoietic tissue, including skeletal muscle progenitor cells, raises the possibility of a role for EPO beyond erythropoiesis. So the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of EPO on skeletal muscle changes as a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus in STZ-rat experimental model. Methods: 40 male Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 5 groups : control group , diabetic group (STZ-induced , 50 mg/kg I.P.), insulin treated diabetic ; (received 0.75 IU/ 100g body weight daily, S.C; for 4 weeks) , EPO treated diabetic; (received EPIAO® S.C , 200 I.U/Kg, 3 times weekly, day after day for 4 weeks),and insulin and EPO treated diabetic groups. At the end of the experiments, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid profile, contractile changes in soleus muscle and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in soleus muscle were evaluated. Results: All biochemical parameters were improved in the group treated with insulin or EPO with greater improvement in insulin treated group. The greatest improvement was in the group treated with combined insulin and EPO. Contractile function of soleus muscle in diabetic group showed significant decrease in muscle tension either before or after fatigue, significant decrease in time taken to reach complete fatigue, significant increase in time taken to reach peak and in time taken to relax to 50% when compared with normal group. All parameters were improved in insulin treated and EPO treated groups, with greater improvement in insulin treated group. The greatest improvement was in combined insulin and EPO treated group. The reduced GLUT 4 expression in diabetic soleus muscle was significantly increased in insulin treated group as compared to EPO treated group, however combined EPO and insulin treated group showed greater increase in GLUT4 expression. Conclusion: The present results showed that, EPO injection improved hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and skeletal muscle changes observed in STZinduced diabetes in rats. Therefore, EPO could be beneficial in managing diabetic disorders and the application of EPO in treatment of diabetes can be considered. Keywords
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