Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction.

Both PK and PF combinations provided effective sedation in pediatric patients undergoing UGIE, but the PK combination resulted in stable hemodynamics and deeper sedation though more side effects.

The findings in the present study suggest that dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg IV, administered before extubation, was more effective in attenuating airway reflex responses to tracheal extubation and maintaining hemodynamic stability without prolonging recovery compared with fentanyl 1 μg/kg IV in these patients undergoing rhinoplasty.

The hyperalgesia that develops as a result of neuropathic pain in rabbits was observed to be reduced by PRF application.

The ketamine-propofol combination was less likely to induce haemodynamic instability, with no significant change in recovery times, compared with the dexmedetomidine-propofol combination. The ketamine-propofol combination provided good conditions for the intervention.