Purpose: The study strives to measure insurance companies’ financial soundness in Bangladesh with reference to private sector life insurance companies listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE).
Methods: CARAMELS ratio analysis and multiple discriminate analysis (MDA) have been employed to determine the results using secondary data sources collected from annual reports for ten-year DSE listed companies.
Findings: The study identified a satisfactory capital adequacy ratio (CAR) with a decreasing trend. Reinsurance and actuarial ratio indicate that companies hardly participate in reinsurance. In most cases, all selected companies’ expense ratio during the study period is more than the standard (20 %) of the Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority (IDRA). All the selected insurance companies hold more liquid assets than the necessity. Z scores depicted that all the selected companies are potentially sick position in terms of financial health.
Originality/Value: This study measured the financial soundness of life insurance companies in Bangladesh. No in-depth study was conducted in Bangladesh, particularly on measuring the financial soundness of life insurance companies.
Most of the IoT applications require real time and secure exchange of information among connected devices and hence, currently, security of communication protocols is becoming key topic of research. MQTT, a lightweight communication protocol, is used for real time communication between networks. Authors have reviewed numerous published researches on secure MQTT protocol for IoT networks and have discovered security loop holes of MQTT communication protocol that are needed to be addressed. This article proposes a secure and real time MQTT protocol by incorporating SSL certificate to MQTT broker for IoT applications without data loss. The research has been implemented in Raspberry Pi 3B system using Python 3.4.10 development platform along with Numpy 1.11.1 and scipy 0.18.0 (for mathematical analysis), paho-mqtt 1.5.0 (for MQTT publication/subscription), and Chromium (for displaying research outcome). The outcome of this research shows that the proposed MQTT protocol has tighten security during exchanging information over IoT networks without any loss of data.
IIUC Studies Vol.17, December 2020: 27-42
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