Background: Children with high level of preoperative anxiety during their visit to dental office are more likely to develop maladaptive behavior postoperatively. First dental experience is always critical in molding child's attitude toward dentistry. Various behavior management methods are being employed during dental treatment to complete anticipated treatment in children. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral play therapy and audiovisual distraction for management of preoperative anxiety in children. Materials and methods: A total of 45 children of age 6-10 years with moderate-to-severe anxiety were allocated into three groups: group Icognitive behavioral play therapy (CBT), group II-audiovisual (AV) distraction, and group III-tell-show-do technique (control group). Children in the CBT group were allowed to play with building blocks, asked to draw a picture and then showed a modeling video of co-operative child undergoing dental treatment. Children in group II were subjected to passive distraction with audiovisual aids, whereas group III (control) children were managed with the conventional TSD technique. Baseline and postintervention objective and subjective anxiety scores were measured with a pulse oximeter and facial image scale (FIS), respectively. Results: A statistically significant reduction in the subjective and objective anxiety scores is observed in all the three groups (p = 0.001) in both intragroup and intergroup comparisons. On intergroup comparison, the reduction in subjective and objective anxiety scores was higher in CBT (p = 0.0) than in AV distraction and TSD groups (p = 0.05). Conclusion:Active distraction with cognitive behavioral play therapy is found to be more effective in reducing the preoperative anxiety in children compared to audiovisual distraction and tell-show-do technique. Clinical significance: Identification and management of preoperative anxiety in children is most critical for successful dental treatment. Active distraction is an effective psychological approach for behavior management in anxious children.
Aim: To evaluate the penetration depth, surface roughness, and color stability of resin infiltration restoration of artificial enamel lesions induced in primary and permanent teeth. Materials and methods: Primary (group I, n = 30) and permanent (group II, n = 30) extracted non-carious human anterior teeth were subjected to demineralization for four days after creating a window of 5 mm × 5 mm on the labial surfaces. Demineralized area was infiltrated with the low viscosity resin. Ten samples from each group were evaluated for penetration depth, surface roughness, and color stability, respectively. Penetration depth was determined using a stereomicroscope at 80× magnification. Surface roughness of sound and infiltrated enamel was recorded using a profilometer. The color stability was assessed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks along with baseline values using vita easy shade spectrophotometer. Results: Data were analyzed using the student "t" test and Friedman test. The degree of resin penetration was observed to be higher in primary teeth (32.6 ± 15.72 μm) compared to permanent teeth (24.23 ± 6.85 μm), but no significant difference was found (p = 0.138). Surface roughness values of resin infiltrated enamel is similar to that of sound enamel in both primary (p = 0.617) and permanent teeth (p = 0.234). The mean color stability scores immediately after resin infiltration at 2, 4, and 8 weeks intervals showed no statistically significant difference in primary (p = 0.998) and permanent teeth (p = 0.213). Conclusion: Resin penetration into enamel lesions was more in primary teeth enamel compared to permanent. The early enamel lesions, when treated with resin infiltration, showed surface characteristics similar to sound enamel and also exhibited acceptable color up to 8 weeks duration. Clinical significance: Resin infiltration can be considered as an effective and predictable treatment option for the restoration of early enamel lesions owing to its deeper penetration, provision of better surface characteristics, and reliable masking of white spot lesions in both primary and permanent dentitions.
Context: Pit and fissure sealants (PFSs) are the most effective preventive materials in dentistry. Secondary caries around the sealed pits and fissures at the material–tooth interface and the wear of the material remains the common problems. To address these problems, efforts have been made by incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles (NPs) into the sealants to develop caries-inhibiting and stress-bearing sealants. Aim: Evaluation of antibacterial and mechanical properties of PFS containing ZnO and CaF2 NPs. Settings and Design: This was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: A total of 196 fissure sealant samples were divided into six test groups and a control group. The test group samples were prepared by incorporating two concentrations (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of ZnO and CaF2 NPs into the sealants. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by direct contact test; compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated by a universal testing machine. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: Sealants containing 1 wt% ZnO and CaF2 NPs and their mixture exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus when compared to control group (P < 0.001). Samples with ZnO NPs exhibited similar mechanical properties as conventional sealant (control group); however, the samples with CaF2 NPs showed inferior mechanical properties (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The observations of the study infer that sealants containing 1 wt% ZnO and CaF2 NPs and their mixture exhibited superior antibacterial activity. The mechanical properties of samples containing ZnO and mixture of ZnO and CaF2 particles remained comparable to the conventional sealants.
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