Given the pace of development of the digital economy, companies' operations with crypto assets are an objective inevitability for most states. At the same time, national jurisdictions no longer have the opportunity to ignore the fact of business working with crypto assets. Meanwhile, without consensus in the consistent resolution of financial, tax, and other cross-country relations, operations with crypto assets can belong to the underground economy sphere to a large extent. In this regard, the issues of regulating macroeconomic factors when reflecting crypto assets in the structure of the current classification, the procedure for their fair valuation, taking into account the formation of classification and content construction in the financial statements of companies, are relevant. Another aspect is to conduct comprehensive analysis in order to consider scientific and practical approaches to the procedure of classification and evaluation of cryptographic assets in scientific research, professional judgments of major audit international organizations. In this regard, the study focuses on a practical analysis of the current accounting policies of companies operating with crypto assets, taking into account the position of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC). Based on the results of the conducted research, the existing models of classification and evaluation of crypto assets are assessed, and the most problematic practical aspects of their application are highlighted. This made it possible to propose promising models for managing the value of crypto assets, containing the existing practices currently used by companies and their possible directions. It was concluded that the most promising way out of the conflict of interests of business and the current rules of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is to refine the existing standards, introduce rules of classification and evaluation of crypto assets. The authors also do not exclude that the best solution is to develop a new IFRS standard for the accounting of crypto assets.
The main aim of this article is to analyse the macro indicators affecting the foreign debt burden of BRICS. It has been proven that it is required to design development scenarios in mid-term planning via forming a numerical estimate plane, taking into account expectations of economic variables' behavior and other factors, which would stabilize the debt burden and other indicators at sensible levels. Using the elimination approach towards the impact of all factors on the amount on the end result except one, the article formulates and proves the hypothesis that market indicators in relation to GDP influence the size of the country's debt.
There are numerous risks associated with high-rise buildings, which not only affect stakeholders during the design and construction phase but also impact the occupants and the surrounding environment during the post-occupancy phase. While previous studies examined the risks of high-rise building construction, less attention has been paid to the diverse impacts of high-rise buildings on their occupants. To fill this gap, this study applied a mixed-method approach (both quantitative and qualitative) to identify and prioritize their most significant social impacts. First, the possible social impacts of these buildings were identified via a literature review. The interrelationships among the identified factors were then determined by drawing on the opinions of relevant experts. Next, through the quantitative phase, the high-rise residential buildings of District 22 of Tehran were considered as a case study, and according to the opinions of 230 chosen residents, the level of influence of factors on one another was determined. The DEMATEL approach was employed subsequently to analyze the data and identify the most important and influential factors. Finally, through the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with residents to explain and validate the results. The most significant and influential impacts identified by this study were anti-social behavior, lack of social cohesion, and lack of social contact with neighbors. This study assists designers and policymakers to adopt strategies that could mitigate the identified impacts and improve occupants’ social wellbeing more efficiently.
Companies need an internal management control system to develop successfully in the current conditions of a market economy. This statement is true irrespective of an organisational form of a company. Financial indicators (such as profit) can give a full picture of absolute effectiveness of the company's performance. The main activities of any company can be split into the following groups: production, sales, procurement, financial and investment activities. According to the 2013-2016 consolidated financial statements prepared under IFRS, Russia's largest car producers include AVTOVAZ Group, GAZ Group, KAMAZ Group and SOLLERS Group. They all used a three-factor model of return on equity and other mathematical tools. Analysis of the three-factor model of return on equity enabled us to formulate several statements. The main factor affecting return on equity is the sales margin. When the sales margin is measured within a certain period of time, there can be either a negative or a positive influence on the final financial results of a company. The two other factors that influence return on equity are less significant. The factor of margin is the most significant and the index of capital intensity is the least significant factor of the three. Our practical innovation is a new model to analyse financial reporting of a car making company, which showcases the financial position of a company.
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