Technologies, awareness of management practices to overcome diseases, role of stakeholders has been crucial for well-being of livestock and farmers. Efforts are made to provide quality health care with advent of modern techniques, advocating as well as sharing considerable resources with livestock institutions. However, the key component which enhances effectiveness of service delivery is Farm Management. This review paper reinforces necessity to attempt different incubation models for technology demonstrations in improvising it. Collaborative approach involving primary stakeholders (farmers) has been stressed in this endeavour. Models like Non Linear Innovation System [NLIS] and Open Source Innovation System [OSIS] has been shared. Features like development of utilize system, trust, social reciprocity, involvement of information gatekeepers can enhance scope of large scale utilization and diffusion of technologies. The challenge for livestock system is to minimize technological gap between research stations and end users stations. The accessibility of technical knowhow depends on several criteria such as gender, availability of technology, reinforcement strategies among farmers and resource personnel's, networking among institutions, nature of demonstrations and ethical values. It is to be reiterated that more literature evidence needs to be generated in livestock science for In-situ incubation Model of Alternative Technologies [IMAT]. The paper argues for standardizing and providing simple solutions based on revival of knowledge systems. Widening knowledge gap between formal institutions and primary stakeholders can be reduced through IMAT. This enhances bonhomie among different stakeholders during interface through scientific intervention.
Tick infestation is a major problem affecting farm animals and the problem is acute in hilly regions. Livestock owners who owns small herd for their sustenance, food security find it difficult to seek alternative options. Demanding physical work and lack of interface with institutions hinders their imagination thereby any new measures of control. The collaborative work of National Innovation Foundation-India and Dr G C Negi, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur Himachal Pradesh resulted in sharing a model of exchanging technical know-how from research station/University system to farm field. The study had noticed that rate of infestation at predilection site was 10.90±6.84 ( ±α) number of ticks. The data were analyzed statistically using paired ‗t' test. The calculated value of t0.05 for 20 d.f was 6.89 ( at 24 hour); 5.78 ( at 48 hour) intervals was more than ‗t' table value (t0.05, 20=2.08) confirming significant efficacy of indigenous medication. It was found that herbal medication had shown 75 percent efficacy over tick infestation upon second day of administration. These in-situ herbal preparations which can be prepared at farmers field needs to be diffused for benefit of livestock owners. Sustaining environment friendly technology is paramount and is more imminent in Hilly regions. The research work demonstrated importance of leveraging animal husbandry department for technology demonstrations.
Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCS) in India are an important entity in linking smallholder livestock producers with external market. This helps smallholder producer(s) in occupational diversification and gainful income. These economically important institutions also serve social purposes. Co-operative member farmers get an opportunity to interact among themselves as well members outside their society. In semiarid regions, the nature of dependence on these institutions among communities for their livelihood becomes particularly more important. The present study appreciates behaviour of farmers to supply milk to dairy society in Panchmahal district, a semiarid region of Gujarat state, India. The relationship pattern of socioeconomic variables viz., age, education, land size and total milk production were assessed towards linkage of farmers with this particular village institution. The nature of such linkage by society with local institutions often determines technological refinement, intervention and adoption. The study did not find any significant relationship for variables like age, education and total milk production in respect to farmers approaching milk cooperative societies. However, land holding size among respondents appeared to be a significant factor towards supply of milk to societies/society. This clearly demonstrates importance of identifying and understanding variables that can influence livestock interventions through dairy societies. The developmental intermediations must take this into account for welfare of farmers in semiarid region.
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