We reveal non-trivial dynamics in the propagation of ultrafast vortices, including fundamental limitations on their duration and strong propagation distortions, even in vacuum. These effects must be considered for a correct analysis of experiments.
There exists a lower bound to the duration of diffraction-free X-waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). We describe the structural coupling between the temporal and OAM degrees of freedom of minimal X-waves carrying OAM.
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