This study explores the responses of manufacturing and service provision companies in Santiago de Cali to stimuli during the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses included changes in demand, absenteeism, and the development of new products, which affected the supply chain (SC). The qualitative methodology of the multiple-case study was used. The evidence for the multiple-case studies was collected through semi-structured interviews, where the interviewees were SC experts from four manufacturing companies and one service company. The data analysis was performed in two phases. In phase one, the case study protocol was completed, and in phase two, thematic analysis was used to identify supply chain response (SCR) patterns. The results revealed two aspects of the SCR. First, to respond to a stimulus, SC adapted activities other than those of suppliers and manufacturers, such as product design and development, human resources, budgeting, and logistics. Second, the SCs used several alternatives to respond to the stimuli. This study contributes to two aspects of the SCR literature: (1) it documents the identification, detection, planning, and evaluation of SCR in response to a stimulus, and (2) it proposes the concept of the response pathway. The response pathway concept facilitates decision-making and resource management in SCR.
Supply chain managers are challenged to respond quickly and efficiently to external and internal changes. A review conducted with regard to how the concept of supply chain response (SCR) is applied in suppliers' and manufacturing processes, as well as in flexibility, agility, and resilience strategies, confirms that the concept is ambiguous and lacks pillars that guide complete application in any process of the supply chain. The purpose of this research is twofold. The first goal is to identify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of an SCR. The second is to establish the pillars of a general definition of an SCR that is applicable to all situations in which a supply chain must respond. This study applied Rodgers' evolutionary approach to analyze the concept of SCR. Literature published in English between 1996 -2020 dealing with SCR was used to apply the phases of Rodgers' evolutionary method. We identified the following four pillars: (1) the stimulus to which the supply chain responds, (2) the adaptation of supply chain activities, (3) the objectives that the supply chain intends to achieve with its response to the stimulus, and (4) the evaluation of the response to the stimulus. Based on these four pillars, we propose a general definition of SCR. This definition contributes to the groundwork for reaching a consensus on the concept of SCR.
ResumenLos medicamentos fueron analizados con el fin de identificar los medicamentos críticos. Después de una clasificación previa, se aplicó, a los 188 medicamentos seleccionados; tanto la clasificación ABC tradicional, como las técnicas de clasificación ABC multicriterio propuestas por autores como Flores, Wan Lung, Partovi y Burton, con base en criterios como: costo unitario, consumo, precio de compra, precio de venta, rentabilidad y criticidad. Como resultado, se determinó que cinco medicamentos fueron clasificados como tipo A en todas las técnicas, los mismos que representan entre el 26 y el 37%, en términos monetarios, de la totalidad de los medicamentos analizados. Palabras ClaveMedicamentos; AHP sector salud; MCABC medicinas. AbstractIn order to identify critical medicines, the medicines were analyzed and after a previous classification, were applied to the 188 medicines selected; both traditional ABC classification as multicriteria ABC classification techniques proposed by authors such as Flores, Wan Lung, Partovi & Burton based on criteria such as unit cost, consumption, purchase price, sales price, profitability and criticality. As a result, it was determined that five medicines were classified as type A in all the techniques and they represent between 26 and 37% in monetary terms of the 188 analyzed in total.
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