Preterm delivery (PTD) is one of the most significant contributors to neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term adverse consequences for health; with highest prevalence reported from India. The incidence of PTD is alarmingly very high in Northeast India. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the associative role of MTHFR gene polymorphism and progesterone receptor (PR) gene mutation (PROGINS) in susceptibility to PTD, negative pregnancy outcome and low birth weights (LBW) in Northeast Indian population.MethodsA total of 209 PTD cases {extreme preterm (< 28 weeks of gestation, n = 22), very preterm (28–32 weeks of gestation, n = 43) and moderate preterm (32–37 weeks of gestation, n = 144) and 194 term delivery cases were studied for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and PR (PROGINS) gene mutation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.ResultsDistribution of MTHFR and PR mutation was higher in PTD cases. Presence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated and resulted in the increased risk of PTD (p < 0.001), negative pregnancy outcome (p < 0.001) and LBW (p = 0.001); more significantly in extreme and very preterm cases. Presence of PR mutation (PROGINS) also resulted in increased risk of PTD and negative pregnancy outcome; but importantly was found to increase the risk of LBW significantly in case of very preterm (p < 0.001) and moderately preterm (p < 0.001) delivery cases.ConclusionsBoth MTHFR C677T polymorphism and PR (PROGINS) mutation are evident genetic risk factors associated with the susceptibility of PTD, negative pregnancy outcome and LBW. MTHFR C677T may be used as a prognostic marker to stratify subpopulation of pregnancy cases predisposed to PTD; thereby controlling the risks associated with PTD.
This paper contains the background of the need of the study of growing interest in local scientific issues in regional languages newspapers. Mass communication of scientific issues at local level through regional newspapers is more or less same in the South-east Asian countries, particularly in India, Thailand, Afghanistan and Pakistan. For years, mass communication through regional newspapers had been believed the most important engine for social changes, and hence this study becomes very important. Obviously the questions arise, what about the regional and local newspapers which are published regionally from those countries of South-east Asia? Is there sufficient translator in the media houses who have thorough knowledge of local language and jargons? How far those translated news is correct and not distorted? English language was taken at one hand and Dari for Afghanistan, Bangla for Bangladesh, Hindi for India, Bahasa for Indonesia, Urdu for Pakistan, Thai for Thailand, Mandarin for China, Korean for South and North Korea, Russian for Russia on the other hand. Distortion for translation in regional languages was also studied. Lastly a special survey was done by sending research questions abruptly among 50 citizens of each capital of every country viz. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Russia. it is found that major citizens of South-east Asian countries are not satisfied with science news to read English and they think it better to like it in regional languages.
Abstract:There is no denying the fact that, there is an increasing call for scientists and engineers to engage with the public more and more through mass media for sustainable development. The scenario of India is somehow different form the global scenario. Whether science journalism is one of the numerous casualties in the media meltdown in India is the most pertinent question of the last decade of 21 st century. The overall goal of the study was to provide evidence for funding organisations, universities and other research institutions on which they can base a workable system to reward scientists for their efforts to engage with the public. The study involved a survey of research scientists in highereducation institutes and interviews with a cross section of respondents and other relevant parties and hence 83 scientific-research institutes had been chosen throughout India. This study also includes to find the active participation of the scientists through scientific articles, regular columns, post-editorials, letters to the editor etc and hence 8 major circulated newspapers from 8 metro cities were chosen. There is a great need of policy which enable a higher proportion of younger scientists to get involved in public engagement and the need to reward public engagement activity in the career progression of scientists.
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