The expression and distribution of digestive cellulases along the midgut of Cerambyx cerdo larvae were analyzed for the first time and are presented in this article. Four groups of larvae were examined: larvae developed in the wild; larvae taken from the wild and successively reared on an artificial diet based on polenta; and larvae hatched in the laboratory and reared on two different artificial diets. Seven endocellulase and seven β-D-glucosidase isoforms were detected in all midgut extracts of C. cerdo with a zymogram after native PAGE. We observed that C. cerdo larvae are capable of producing cellulase isoforms with different PAGE mobilities depending on the nutrient substrate. From our findings it can be assumed that, depending on the distribution of endocellulase and β-D-glucosidase, cellulose molecules are first fragmented in the anterior and middle midgut by endo-β-1,4-glucanase; subsequently, the obtained fragments are broken down by β-D-glucosidase mostly in middle midgut
Traffic congestion is one of the biggest global problems worldwide, for which appropriate solution has not been found yet. Bearing that in mind, the paper presents a new approach for solving traffic congestion through "Mobility credits" model. This model is an alternative to congestion pricing - a concept that successfully solves the problem of traffic congestion, but which is not socially and politically acceptable due to the additional costs of users. The "mobility credits" model has not been applied in practice yet, but it is the subject of numerous analyzes, in order to determine the efficiency of this model in solving the problem of congestion. The paper gives an overview of previous research regarding the "Mobility credits" model.
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