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Sustainable electrical energy storage devices are an effective solution for the fossil fuel-based electrical power systems and aid in abating the environmental pollution. In this study, we design a sustainable and green approach for producing hard carbon from the biomass feedstock of waste mango peels through a simple carbonization route at low and high temperatures, namely, 600 °C (C600) and 1000 °C (C1000), respectively. The resultant hard carbon is used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The sample prepared at higher temperature exhibits a higher reversible cyclic capacity and rate capability than the sample prepared at low temperature. The C1000 sample delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 801 mA h g–1 at 100 mA g–1 and sustains a discharge capacity of 628 mA h g–1 over 200 cycles. The hard carbon electrode cell has a high capacitive charge and stable plateau capacity, indicating that the performance of the C1000 cell is good. Moreover, the higher specific surface area and hierarchical porous structure provide more Li-ion active sites, faster diffusion kinetics, and higher electronic conductivity during the charge/discharge process. The hard carbon derived from mango peels is a potential candidate for use in advanced large-scale energy storage applications. Specifically, this work presents a sustainable approach to achieve eco-friendly and cost-effective waste biomass management for energy applications.

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