The object of our study is to know the incidence of gonorrhea in reproductive age group women suffering with leucorrhoea attending STI Clinic in King George Hospital in Visakhapatnam. MATERIAL AND METHODSIn our present study, we included 120 female patients of reproductive age group women (20-45 years) with leucorrhoea attending STI Clinic; we also examined the male partners. The diagnosis of Gonorrhoea is confirmed by smear and culture examination. The vaginal discharge was collected with sterile swabs and inoculated in modified Thayer-Martin media for 48-72 hours. Gram staining was done to examine the smear under microscope to examine the diplococci. Urethral and rectal swabs collected from their male sexual partners and sent for smear and culture. RESULTSIn our study, results shows women suffering with Gonococcal infection and some percent of male partners suffering with Gonococcal infection and it shows the transmission occurs predominantly through sexual contact are asymptomatic carriers and source of infection to their male partners. We found Gonorrhoea is the common cause of Leucorrhoea next to Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis. CONCLUSIONTreatment of both male and female sexual partners is essential to control and prevent the recurrence of Gonorrhoea. Early diagnosis and treatment of Gonorrhoea in female patients will prevent late complications like PID, tubal block, ectopic pregnancy and sterility in reproductive age group women.
AIMThe objective of this study is to analyse the association between sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cytology by doing Papanicolaou (Pap) smear in the female patients attending Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study was carried out on 200 female patients attending STD clinic Outpatient Department (OPD) in King George Hospital (KGH) for a period of 2 years. For all the patients Pap smears were taken. RESULTSA 39% of the cases had normal cytology, 26% had inflammatory cytology, 16% had mild dysplasia, 13.5% had moderate dysplasia, 5.5% had severe dysplasia. Higher incidence of cervical dysplasia was seen in patients with Genital Herpes and Genital warts. Higher incidence of cervical dysplasia (42.6%) in 20 to 30 years age group women in comparsion with diminished incidence in (28.7%) in 30 to 40 years age group. A 44.6% in Commercial Sex workers and women with history of sexual promiscuity had cervical dysplasia and 28.7% women having normal marital life had cervical dysplasia. We found higher number of cervical dysplasia in lower income group (37.8%) and (42.6%) in illiterates. CONCLUSIONSPap smear should be done as a routine screening procedure in all female patients attending STD Clinics to detect early cervical neoplasia, which will help to reduce morbidity and mortality due to cancer cervix in sexually active reproductive age group women.
ABSTRACT:The patients with Psoriasis are at increased risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 that are increased in the psoriatic plaques are known to contribute to features of MS such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. AIMS: (1) To know the prevalence of MS in patients with psoriasis. (2) To compare the results with control population. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A hospital based comparative study was conducted involving 60 adult patients with psoriasis and 60 age and sex matched controls. All participants were evaluated for components of MS. RESULTS: Both groups included 33 males and 27 females. MS was present in 15 out of 60(25%) patients with psoriasis and 12 out of 60(20%) controls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is a slightly higher prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Psoriasis compared to the control population.
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