The free movement of persons is one of the most successful European Union projects, serving as a majorly important factor promoting the European integration processes. The adoption of the Treaty on the European Union and the creation of EU citizenship implemented significant changes: the status of EU citizens and their right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States can no longer be interpreted in the way it was before the adoption of the Treaty on the European Union. There are no requirements for EU citizens within the Treaty to pursue professional or independent activities or to work under an employment contract in order to access provided rights. However, the right of free movement is not unlimited. The administrations of the Member State governments are authorized to impose restictions on the free movement of citizens. In the light of these facts, this article examines exceptions in the field of free movement of persons and indentifies concepts of public policy, public security and public health. Special attention is given to so-called rule limitation of restrictions and to the mechanism of protection against expulsion from the country. The article concludes by saying that the institutions of Member State governments have the right to evaluate threats within the territory of the country and to decide on the content of public security by themselves. However, their discretion can not be used as an instrument to treat the conduct of other Member State citizens in a worse way than that of their own local citizens.
The article focused on disclosing the situation of cultural integration in Lithuania and Poland lead ing to the different issues of cross-cultural management in labour market and companies activity. As the main research method, a critical analysis of scientific literature on cultural integration and cross-cultural management applied in the companies as well as secondary research data and legal documents are analysed focusing on both countries-Lithuania and Poland. Practical exam ples' analysis is based on particular issue of global company ANG activity in Poland. In Lithuania the third countries citizens' integration in labour market is discussed. Findings. The main chal lenges, problems and improvement possibilities in cultural integration and cross-cultural man agement context in both countries are disclosed. The context of cross-cultural management, in terms of cultural integration and globalisation evaluated focusing terms of companies' activity in Poland and labour market issues in Lithuania in terms of third countries' citizens' integration in it. Practical implications. The research presents actual analysis of legal documents of third countries citizens in Lithuania as well as the tools of improving the situation. Particular issues for compa nies' consideration are presented in case of Poland. Social implications. The research presents actuality of cultural integration and cross-cultural management in terms of society and business in Poland and Lithuania integrating different cultural groups and ethnic minorities in labour mar ket of both countries. Originality/value. The paper considers actual and problematic issues in the 1 Presentation of the cultural situation in Lithuania and Poland which may influence the func tioning of the companies in both countries; 2 Revealing the main problems of companies acting in multifaceted environment and pre sentation of the possible improvement tools provided by cross-cultural management for further improvement of the economies of both countries-Poland and Lithuania ; 3 Particular issues of cultural integration and cross-cultural management in Poland and in Lithuania influencing the changes in economic and social life of both countries.
There are a lot of scientific works were innovation conception is defined. These interpretations usually identify innovation in different environments. It is important to stress that interpretation of innovation in business, industry as well as in public sectors is totally diverse. This complicates the possibility to understand the expression of innovation and more over to assess the level of their penetration. In order to facilitate the understanding of innovation expression in the state level the National Innovation System (NIS) is used as the fundamental instrument. This is a new standpoint highlighted in the article. It is stressed that effective NIS is mostly influenced by various public sectors, private business sectors as well as educational institutions. The business sector is responsible for the inspiration of innovation creation and implementation of appreciable innovative product or service. The public sector is responsible for policy formation and preparation for innovation expansion at the state level. In the expert works different innovation indexes are used in order to assess the value of innovation expression as well as the effectiveness of NIS functioning in the state level. The main peculiarities of these indexes are highlighted in the article. The article solves the scientific problem which is directly correlated with the situation that there is no unit classification of possible indexes (models) for the assessment of innovation expression in the state level. According to all arguments mentioned, the authors of this article raise the aim to use analytical (theoretical) as well as empirical methods to systematize the evolvent of criteria for the assessment of innovation expression in the state level as well as to present possible methods and areas of it's application (Lithuania's case). To achieve this aim free tasks were solved in the article: to highlight the main peculiarities of existing indexes for the assessment of innovation expression in the state level; to systematize the groups of quantitative and qualitative criteria as well as to perform empirical research in order to present the evolvent of criteria for the assessment of innovation expression in the state level; to provide the possible methods and areas of application of evolvent of criteria for the assessment of innovation expression in the state level. The essential result of the research was the classification of possible indexes for the assessment of innovation expression in the state level into two groups. Using the comparison method, all criteria were systematized into 14 quantitative and 11 qualitative criteria. As the consequence of selection of criteria the basic frequently recurrent groups where highlighted (human resource, innovators, economic effect, environment, investment for education, conditions for business provided by public institutions, general infrastructure, scientific output, knowledge creation, investor and creditor conditions, entrepreneurship). The empirical research enabled to specify and adapt for Lithuan...
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