Urban fl ood problems are being aggravated in growing cities. The process of urbanisation generally tends to supress natural retention areas, removing natural vegetation and producing large impervious areas. Besides, the traditional urban drainage approach, comprising mainly canalisation measures, showed to be potentially unsustainable, tending to transfer fl oods to downstream. Gradually, in the past recent years, this practice has been complemented or replaced by new concepts considering the use of distributed interventions to approximately recover fl ow patterns prior to the urbanisation. In Brazilian great cities, drainage systems' design started to incorporate the use of the so-called Compensatory Techniques, which aim to compensate the effects for the urbanisation process over the water cycle. In this context, detention and retention reservoirs have been conceived as potential adequate solutions. Departing from a Municipality proposition for a new urban development in Guerenguê River catchment, west zone of Rio de Janeiro, and considering the concept of compensatory techniques applied to the urban drainage, an alternative confi guration for the drainage system is proposed in the catchment scale, and compared with the critical present situation. In this alternative proposal, besides the Municipality actions, a complementary set of storage measures distributed along the riverine areas was considered. Additionally, local measures, composing multifunctional landscapes on the microdrainage scale, were also introduced to face local inundation problems. The scenarios assessment was supported by mathematical modelling. Modelling results showed that, at present situation, great part of the catchment suffers from fl ooding, with water depths that usually range from 0.15 m to 1.50 m. In critical areas, fl ooding may surpass the 1.50 m high level. The introduction of the compensatory techniques was capable of signifi cantly changing this situation. However, for a more effective result, land use planning must also be addressed in the context of fl ood control. Keywords: Compensatory techniques on urban drainage, fl ood control, mathematical modelling, MODCEL, storage measures. INTRODUCTIONGrowing cities are increasingly suffering from urban fl oods as a consequence of the urbanisation process itself. The fast urban development experienced after the Industrial Revolution was responsible for several signifi cant changes in the urban water cycle, mainly due to the vegetation removal, the suppression of natural retention areas, and the high impervious rates. In the origin of this process, the traditional approach commonly adopted to face these problems comprised canalisation measures, mainly due to sanitation needs. This approach, however, showed to be unsustainable in terms of urban stormwater management, tending to transfer fl ood problems rather than solving them. In recent decades, the problem of urban fl ooding has been discussed from a new perspective. The recognition of this situation made the urban fl ood c...
The traditional canalisation approach for flood control has been complemented or replaced by new concepts that consider a systemic approach, with distributed interventions over the catchment intending to recreate flow patterns prior to the urbanisation. Compensatory techniques on urban drainage have been proposed to fulfil this aim. However, the spatio-temporal variability of the phenomenon gives particular characteristics to each catchment. In this context, a systemic evaluation of flood control projects is needed, providing adequate spatial coverage without superimposing effects in time. Mathematical modelling emerges as a useful tool to represent the integrated behaviour of urban drainage and landscape. This is where this work takes place, assessing an urban catchment subjected to floods with the aid of MODCEL, a mathematical model developed in the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. This model represents the catchment using the flow cells concept, conforming a flow net. Guerenguê River catchment, located in the west side of Rio de Janeiro city, in Jacarepaguá neighbourhood, which is an area of particular interest because of the Olympic Games that will be held in Rio de Janeiro in 2016, was taken as a case study. This catchment suffers from serious problems related to its drainage system and water pollution, compromising the local quality of life. The starting point of this evaluation is a set of retention reservoirs, associated with an urban retrofit proposed by the Municipality. In addition, this study introduces several distributed compensatory measures in order to obtain an effective result in flood attenuation. The modelling results show that, at present situation, great part of the catchment suffers from flooding, with water depths that usually range from 0.15m to 1.50m. In critical areas, flooding may surpass the level of 1.50m high. The introduction
The main objective of this paper is to propose an alternative for the stormwater management in low-income communities, settled in urban vertical slums, located in areas with insufficient infrastructure and degraded environment. A case study located in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, is presented. The high slopes of the studied area are used to favor the superficial flows, generating alternatives for the traditional stormdrains used to collect the runoff of the upstream reaches. A small reservoir is proposed for each house, reducing flood volumes by allowing rainwater harvesting, and a greater retention reservoir is introduced as a storage measure for connecting the microdrainage coming from the informal city to the formal city. The different scenarios were simulated with the aid of a mathematical model called MODCEL and the results showed that it is possible to apply an effective drainage system solution in informal areas, without affecting the already implemented downstream formal drainage network. The retention reservoir proposed also introduces the possibility to act in improving the water quality to downstream areas, although this complementary aspect is not developed in this study.
O termo "fundiário" define uma relação de pertinência à terrao "fundeis". Retrata a vinculação desse espaço a algum titular. Regularização fundiária, portanto, é a expressão que designa a atividade de resgatar para a legalidade (ou regularidade) uma relação de pertinência entre o efetivo possuidor do solo.A regularização fundiária necessariamente compreende a vinculação de um sujeito a um particularizando essa posse no território e dando-lhe visibilidade perante as instituições que regulamentam os direitos sociais, as posturas municipais e a vida econômica da sociedade.Trazer à legalidade tais vínculos de indivíduos com a terra implica revisitar a construção de laços jurídicos estabelecidos historicamente no assenhoramento do espaço. Nesse sentido, representar a materialização das relações sociais historicamente construídas. Tanto que "o (LOPES,1993,121) O objetivo deste trabalho será conhecer a efetividade na implementação das políticas públicas voltadas à regularização fundiária de assentamentos precários ocupados pela população de baixa renda nas cidades. São abordadas as formas de irregularidade na localização dos pobres nas cidades, dando-se algum destaque aos processos de regularização fundiária de favelas. Estas, por sua vez, têm aprofundadas sua análise quando situadas sobre patrimônio público, por assim se apresentarem com maior recorrência. 13as cidades superam o caráter de território geograficamente definido para também espaço material da cidade" podería ser definido como "espaço histórico-social". determinado espaço, pelos meios legais disponíveis, para legitimar-lhe a posse, Para esse objetivo, será necessário desvelar um pouco da história do espaço urbano no Brasil e da construção de instituições para acomodação do controle desse espaço.Ao delimitar a regularização fundiária ora tratada aos assentamentos precários, adota-se a definição fornecida por Betânia Alfonsin (2007,78), também acolhida pelo Ministério das Cidades:Para este trabalho, cumpre registrar que os processos de regularização fundiária analisados possuem duas premissas principais: o reconhecimento do direito de moradia e o reconhecimento formal de parcelas territoriais negligenciadas na definição do desenho urbano.Cabe esclarecer, outrossim, que as ações previstas nessas políticas foram construídas eminentemente pelos municípios. Utilizou-se de uma realidade conhecida em profundidade do Município de Santo André/SPcom dados e plantas oficiais acervadas no Poder Público local, para, partindo dela, traçar paralelos com outros municípios brasileiros.As práticas municipais, ainda que agilizadas com discussões e recursos federais, continuam Plano Nacional de Habitação, documento que consubstancia diretrizes para formulação das políticas habitacionais pelo Governo federal.Antes de prosseguir na exposição das fontes e demais aspectos metodológicos adotados, é necessário compreender onde incide a irregularidade fundiária e como é a política pública responsável por fazê-la.Dessa maneira, é preciso compreender os assentamentos precários nas ci...
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