Wheat powdery mildew (PM) causes significant yield losses worldwide. None of the Egyptian wheat cultivars was detected to be highly resistant to such a severe disease. Therefore, a diverse spring wheat panel was evaluated for PM seedling resistance using different Bgt conidiospores collected from Egyptian fields in two growing seasons. The evaluation was done in two separate experiments. Highly significant differences were found between the two experiments suggesting the presence of different isolates populations. Highly significant differences were found among the tested genotypes confirming the ability to improve PM resistance using the recent panel. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was done for each experiment separately and a total of 71 significant markers located within 36 gene models were identified. The majority of these markers are located on chromosome 5B. Haplotype block analysis identified seven blocks containing the significant markers on chromosome 5B. Five gene models were identified on the short arm of the chromosome. Gene enrichment analysis identified five and seven pathways based on the biological process and molecular functions respectively for the detected gene models. All these pathways are associated with disease resistance in wheat. The genomic regions on 5B seem to be novel regions that are associated with PM resistance under Egyptian conditions. Selection of superior genotypes was done and Grecian genotypes seem to be a good source for improving PM resistance under Egyptian conditions.
Red beetroot juice was studied for its potential antihypercholesterolemic effects in cholesterol-rich diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Thirty healthy adult albino rats were freely divided into two major groups, the first of which was fed on a baseline diet only (control negative: 6 rats), and the second of which was provided a hypercholesterolemic diet (24 rats) for 4 weeks. Chemical composition of red beetroots (ash, crude fats, crude proteins, crude fiber, carbohydrates, phenolic and flavonoids compounds) and mineral content were estimated, in addition to lipid profile and glucose levels were evaluated in the tested rats blood serum. The results showed that, levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in hypercholesterolemic rats increased significantly, while the levels of high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly. After fed on red beetroot juice (at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day for 4weeks), total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lowered, whereas HDL-C was significantly elevated. According to our data, red beetroots appeared to have considerable antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant properties, as well as the phytoconstituents (e.g. flavonoids and phenolic acids) of beet root may have free radical scavenging effects. As a result, these findings open the way for the use of bio-waste from the food sector.
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