Curcumin has been used in numerous anti‐microbial research because of its low side effects and extensive traditional applications. Despite having a wide range of effects, the intrinsic physicochemical characteristics such as low bioavailability, poor water solubility, photodegradation, chemical instability, short half‐life and fast metabolism of curcumin derivatives limit their pharmaceutical importance. To overcome these drawbacks and improve the therapeutic ability of curcuminoids, novel approaches have been attempted recently. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems can increase the efficiency of curcumin in several diseases, especially infectious diseases. These innovative strategies include polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanoemulsion, nanocomposite, nanofibers, liposome, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), polymeric micelles, quantum dots, polymeric blend films and nanomaterial‐based combination of curcumin with other anti‐bacterial agents. Integration of curcumin in these delivery systems has displayed to improve their solubility, bioavailability, transmembrane permeability, prolong plasma half‐life, long‐term stability, target‐specific delivery and upgraded the therapeutic effects. In this review paper, a range of in vitro and in vivo studies have been critically discussed to explore the therapeutic viability and pharmaceutical significance of the nano‐formulated delivery systems to elevate the anti‐bacterial activities of curcumin and its derivatives.

Background Rutin as a natural flavonoid compound has revealed an extensive range of therapeutic potentials. Purpose The current paper is focused on the numerous studies on rutin nanoformulations regarding its broad spectrum of therapeutic potentials. Study and methods A review was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed) to identify relevant published literature in English. No restrictions on publication date were imposed. Results The literature search provided 7,078 results for rutin. Among them, 25 papers were related to the potential biological activities of rutin nanoformulations. Polymeric nanoparticles were the most studied nanoformulations for rutin (14 titles) and lipid nanoparticles (5 titles) were in second place. The reviewed literature showed that rutin has been used as an antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti‐allergic agent. Improving the bioavailability of rutin using novel drug‐delivery methods will help the investigators to use its useful effects in the treatment of various chronic human diseases. Conclusion It can be concluded that the preparation of rutin nanomaterials for the various therapeutic objects confirmed the enhanced aqueous solubility as well as enhanced efficacy compared to conventional delivery of rutin. However, more investigations should be conducted to confirm the improved bioavailability of the rutin nanoformulations.

There was a slight but statistically significant difference between implant and tooth tactile sensitivities.

Background. Oral mucositis is the chief complication of head and neck chemotherapy. This study was conducted to evaluate Hypozalix artificial saliva and propolis mouthwash efficacy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in leukemic patients.Methods. The present double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 72 patients undergoing chemotherapy. The patients were assigned to 3 groups. In the control group, CHX mouthwash and fluconazole were used by the subjects. In groups 1 and 2, Hypozalix and propolis mouthwashes were added to the combination therapy used in the control group. The results were compared between the three groups after 14 days.Results. Mean score A was significantly higher than mean score B in children (P = 0.001). In contrast, mean score A was significantly lower than mean score B in young adults (P = 0.003).Conclusion. Use of Hypozalix spray or propolis mouthwash in association with CHX mouthwash and fluconazole simultaneously at the start of chemotherapy resulted in a decrease in chemotherapy complications after 14 days. In many cases the use of propolis mouthwash yielded better results and the patients exhibited a greater tendency to continue to use it.

Objectives Infections after implant placement are the main reasons for the failure of implant treatments. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of nanocurcumin inside the implant fixture against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods Twenty seven implants were classified in three groups for testing the antibacterial effect of nanocurcumin, chlorhexidine (as negative control), and distilled water (as negative control). Each group was then divided into three subgroups to study the effect of the applied torque on the antimicrobial effect of nanocurcumin. All implant abutment assemblies were submerged in bacteria suspension and were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The contents of each implant were removed to count the colony of bacteria on the surface of plates containing nutrient agar. Results Results indicated that the inhibitory rate of bacteria by nanocurcumin was above 99% in all bacteria. Besides, by increasing the amount of applied torque from 10 to 35 N.cm, the CFU of bacteria in exposure to nanocurcumin significantly were decreased (p‐value < 0.01). Conclusion The results of this study revealed that nanocurcumin can be used inside the implant fixture in order to use antimicrobial effects and further stabilization and success of the implant.