Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is one of the most popular treatments for enhancing upper and lower extremity motor activities and participation in patients following a stroke. However, the effect of CIMT on balance is unclear and needs further clarification. The aim of this research was to estimate the effect of CIMT on balance and functional mobility in patients after stroke. After reviewing 161 studies from search engines including Google Scholar, EBSCO, PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science, we included eight randomized controlled trials (RCT) in this study. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was verified using PEDro scoring. This systematic review showed positive effects of CIMT on balance in three studies and similar effects in five studies when compared to the control interventions such as neuro developmental treatment, modified forced-use therapy and conventional physical therapy. Furthermore, a meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant effect size by a standardized mean difference of 0.51 (P = 0.01), showing that the groups who received CIMT had improved more than the control groups. However, the meta-analysis results for functional mobility were statistically insignificant, with an effect size of −4.18 (P = 0.16), indicating that the functional mobility improvements in the investigated groups were not greater than the control group. This study’s findings demonstrated the superior effects of CIMT on balance; however, the effect size analysis of functional mobility was statistically insignificant. These findings indicate that CIMT interventions can improve balance-related motor function better than neuro developmental treatment, modified forced-use therapy and conventional physical therapy in patients after a stroke.
SCI (Spinal cord injury) is a strong injury that typically causes paralytic muscles below the level of the lesion, resulting in limited, altered mobility and dependence on others. Injury sustained can be a total or partial injury. Here we present a case report of a 20-year-old male, who came to physiotherapy OPD in October 2021 for physiotherapy, is a case of TSCI (Traumatic Spinal cord injury) and was under rehabilitation since February 2021. He came with complaints of inability to stand unsupported, inability to walk without assistance, and lack of bladder and bowel control. MRI and X-RAY investigations were done. The patient is diagnosed with SCI at D12-L1 Level -Paraplegia. The patient was managed surgically with D12-L1 laminectomy and D11-L3 pedicle screw fixation. This case shows how a TSCI patient with paraplegia shows significant improvement in balancing and functional activities and is still undergoing rehabilitation.
Background: Cerebral Palsy is a spacious term which highlights an extensive gamut of motor affliction which has a stagnant tendency. The estimated Cerebral Palsy is indeed very prevalent in developed nations 2 out of the next 1000 live births and neonatal survivors. Among several Cerebral Palsy comes in a variety of manifestations. Spastic Diplegia is common in a majority of Preterm babies. Several treatment strategies of Physical therapy are utilized for Spastic Diplegia. This research focusses on assessing the Efficiency of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques over the Dimensions of Balance and Gait in children with Spastic Diplegia. Objective: To evaluate the Effectiveness and impact of the techniques of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on Balance, Gait Parameters and Pelvic Asymmetry in children having Spastic Diplegia. Methods: In this Randomized Clinical Trial, subjects (n= 40) having Spastic Diplegia will be selected and segregated in two groups using simple random sampling method with 1:1 allocation ratio. The allocation will be done through sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope (SNOSE). Subjects in the experimental group will receive Pelvic PNF techniques like Rhythmic initiation and Slow reversal with Task- Oriented training which will contain sit to stand exercises, walking on the ground and reaching tasks for improving the balance and those in the other group will be given only Task- Oriented training for 4 weeks following baseline assessments. Throughout the treatment session and following 4 weeks follow up will be taken by assessing the Balance and Gait parameters of the subjects. The study duration will. be of 1 year. Subjects with Spastic Diplegia with an age group of 8 to 12 years who are able to do independent sitting, who are coming under GMFCS level I to III and those who are having pelvic asymmetry will be included in the study while subjects who had any surgery of spine or lower limb in past 6 months, who are having fixed deformities of spine or lower limb or any fracture or dislocation of spine or lower limb will be excluded from the study. Results: Results will be recorded by using the outcome measures and instruments such as Pediatric Balance Scale, Gait Parameters and Palpation meter device at the end of the intervention and the effects of Pelvic PNF techniques will be compared with the other group which will receive Task oriented training. The statistical analysis will be done by using paired t test but if the data does not follow a normal distribution then Wilcoxon sign rank test will be used. Discussion: The intention and motive of the study is to check the Effectiveness of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation techniques on Balance and Gait Parameters in children with Spastic Diplegia. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is to acquire the fruitfulness of Approaches of Pelvic PNF on Balance and Gait Parameters in children having Spastic Diplegia.
Background: Despite the most significant efforts of many experts to provide natural therapeutic therapies, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic event with limited functional recovery. After a spinal cord injury, paraplegia can develop. Damage to the ligaments, vertebrae, or discs of the spinal column causes this. Paraplegia is the loss of muscle function in the lower half of the body, including both legs. Leg paralysis, in this case in which affects all parts of the pelvic organs, legs, and torso. This is partly owing to the complex character of SCI, which involves a great deal of disarray and malfunction as a result of the initial injury. Secondary degeneration is caused by neurotoxicity, vascular malfunction, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and demyelination. Presentation of Case: 34year old male patient with wedge compression was diagnosed on x-ray after a fall from the tree. Discussion: The requirements for regeneration, rehabilitation, and neuroprotection appear to necessitate a diverse set of therapeutic approaches that can be used at different stages of the post-injury response. Conclusion: We'll focus on one strategy, in particular, physical training/exercise, which looks to have a wide range of applications and benefits for those with a chronic or acute SCI.
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