BAER is a sample, reliable and effective technique for determining auditory functions in the neonates especially changes of early bilirubin toxicity.

KMC is effective and safe in stable preterm infants and as effective on traditional care with incubators. KMC because of its simplicity may have a place in home care of LBW babies.

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Objective:This study was done to determine the role of prematurity and other variables to predict insulin sensitivity in infancy.Subjects and Methods:In this prospective study, 36 preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 11 preterm small for gestational age (SGA), and 17 term SGA included as study cohort and 36 term AGA as control cohort. Detailed anthropometry assessment was performed at birth, 3, 6, and 9 months and at 9 months, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin was done. Insulin resistance was determined by using homeostasis model assessment version 2.Results:It is found that preterm AGA (mean difference 0.617, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.43–0.80, P = 0.0001), preterm SGA (mean difference 0.764, 95% CI; 0.44–1.09, P = 0.0001), and term AGA (mean difference 0.725, 95% CI; 0.49–0.96, P = 0.0001) group had significantly higher insulin resistance than control. There was no significant difference in between preterm SGA and preterm AGA (mean difference 0.147 95% CI; −0.13–0.42, P = 0.927). In multiple regression models, SGA status (β =0.505) was more significant predictor of insulin resistance index than gestational age (β = −0.481), weight-for-length (β =0.315), and ponderal index (β = −0.194).Conclusion:Preterm birth is a risk factor for the future development of insulin resistance which may develop as early as infancy.

Background: Low birth weight is one of the most serious challenges for maternal and child health in both developed and developing countries. It is the single most important factor that determines the changes of child survival. Nearly 50% of neonatal deaths occur among LBW babies. The survivors among them are at a higher risk of developing malnutrition, recurrent infections and neurodevelopment backwardness.Methods:The present study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Dr. S. N. Medical. College, Jodhpur. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Sample size: 8266 consecutive live birth babies were enrolled. Inclusion Criteria: A total number of 8266 consecutive live birth babies were enrolled a total number of 2542 Low birth weight babies were delivered with birth weight 2.5 Kg. or less. Exclusion Criteria: (i) IUD babies, (ii) Still born babies, (iii) Lodger babies.Results: Incidence of LBW babies were 30.725%, VLBW babies 2.71% and that of ELBW babies were 0.89%, Male, Female ratio was 1:1.09, 80% LBW babies were more than 1.8Kg, 73.05% babies were between 37-40 weeks of gestational age and 5.0% were extreme premature (<32 weeks) Teen aged mother and elderly mothers, Primi para and multiparty (4th and above) had increased incidence of LBW babies, 84.97% of LBW babies born normally, maximum number of mothers were from lower socioeconomic status (54.41%) were illiterate (41.8%). Tobacco addiction had adverse effects on birth weight. PIH was the most frequent complication (17.93%). Followed by APH (2.95%) and P.P.H. 1.41% Anemia was the most common (23.73%) medical illness followed by Chronic UTI 2.59%, TB 1.61% and RHD 1.18%.Conclusions:Interventions to improve intrauterine growth and gestational duration by providing adequate caloric supplementation before and during pregnancy, febrile illnesses prophylaxis, or treatment, reduce tobacco chewing in mothers, avoid child bearing in young adolescents and in late reproductive age, improving maternal education, general improvement in nutrition and socio-economic condition and Improving sanitation and water supply.