The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetric key algorithms that have many variations but still not suited for all zeroes plaintext block. Chosen-plaintext attack can be possible on Toorani and Falahati Hill Cipher Algorithm by two closely related variants of Hill Cipher. In this paper we have presented a new approach of Hill Cipher (RDHili Cipher) using DNA cryptography and TFHiII Cipher to overcome the drawbacks of TFHili. We implement this algorithm for image encryption in which firstly the image will be converted into binary value and the nibble of binary value will be rotated, then it will be converted into DNA, and then DNA to Amino Acids. Secondly TFHiII Cipher can be applied on Amino Acids.The output is measured for the security level based on Correlation, histogram and entropy. The experimental results showed that the combination technique resulted in a higher entropy value and lower correlation, and a more uniform histogram, compared to the Hill Cipher, affine Hill, TFHiII and SVK Hill Cipher. This implies the good quality of the retrieved image compared to the original one.
Introduction:Female Sexual dysfunction is an important health concern caused by several factors. This study aimed to compare the sexual function of women who have primary headaches in order to investigate the relationship between sexual dysfunction and the features of headaches.Materials and Methods:95 consecutive patients aged 18 to 65 years with a history of headache for at least 1 month and sexually active in the last 6 months presenting to Psychiatry OPD of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi giving informed consent were taken. The diagnosis of headache type was confirmed according to the 2nd edition of International Headache Society (IHS) International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) in 2004. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), visual analog scale (VAS) score and Migraine disability assessment scale score (MIDAS) were applied.Results:Those with migraines reported a greater intensity of pain than those with tension headaches. Individuals with tension headaches reported more frequent headaches. The mean MIDAS score in the migraine group was 14.64 (±2.59); 30% of the migraine group fell into the most severe category in MIDAS. Women with headaches had lower scores (indicating impaired sexual functioning) on all FSFI subscales, as well as on the total score when the prescribed cutoffs were applied as compared to controls (66.3% vs. 30% in controls).Conclusion:The present study showed that patients with either type of primary headache experience problems in several aspects of sexuality compared with controls.
Alternate bearing (AB) is a phenomenon, common in fruit crops, is a concerned plant or branch or orchard does not bear a regular crop year-after-year rather heavy yields are followed by extremely light yield and vice versa. Based on the alternate bearing index, it is divided in four groups viz., no alternation, less alternate, high alternate, severe alternate. There are mainly two factors are responsible for alternate bearing i.e., exogenous and endogenous factors. Alternate bearing can be managed by cultural practices, selection of rootstocks, and selection of cultivars, chemical application and pruning at right time. Scrutiny of all of the factors are presented in this review to achieve consistent success in induction of flowering in perennial fruit crops. The information may pave way for better regulation of flowering shoots to enhanced fruit productivity in various fruit crops.
The present paper focuses on a unique, optimized process of completely dissolving rhodium that can be employed on a large scale. Dissolution of rhodium has always been a challenging aspect of rhodium metallurgy due to its poor solubility even in mineral acids under ordinary conditions. In this paper, we present a means of achieving complete dissolution of rhodium powder in aqua regia using an experimentally optimized set of process parameters including solvent volume, temperature and heating time. The result is a solution in which the rhodium is completely dissolved which is confirmed by using optical microscopy at 50x magnification. Further, through the outcome of the experiments, it is concluded that it is possible to qualitatively ascertain the extent of rhodium content in the powder by observing the color of the solution. Comparison is also carried out with results obtained from dissolution experiments employing non-optimized process parameters in aqua regia as solvent. Rhodium dissolution Optimized Aqua regia
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