BACKGROUNDThyroid dysfunction is associated with characteristic symptoms, signs and functional alterations in many organs and systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the functional changes in the peripheral nervous system and to determine the type and the prevalence of these diseases. The prevalence of neuromuscular disorders related to thyroid dysfunction has been reported to be between 20-80%.
BACKGROUNDDiabetes and hypothyroidism are two common metabolic disorders that are interrelated. The hallmarks of hypothyroidism are decreased absorption of glucose from the intestinal tract along with increased accumulation of glucose in the periphery with decreased glucose production from the liver and decreased use of glucose. For those who have subclinical or overt hypothyroidism, insulin resistance causes glucose stimulated increase in insulin secretion. Moreover, those with subclinical hypothyroidism have an independent risk for insulin resistance, especially in the muscle and adipose tissue. Hence, there is a definite link between hyperinsulinaemia, resistance to insulin and subclinical hypothyroidism.
BACKGROUND Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is defined as infected ascitic fluid in the absence of apparent intra-abdominal source of infection. Infections with more than one organism is likely to be associated with abdominal paracentesis, colonic perforation or intraabdominal source of infection. Infections among cirrhotic patients is often overlooked when compared to the attention given to its other complications. The objective of this study is to study the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with Alcoholic liver cirrhosis within a tertiary care centre in Northern Tamilnadu. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of General Medicine in Govt. Vellore Medical College for a period of 6 months, which included 102 patients with cirrhosis of liver with ascites. Patients were diagnosed as a case of cirrhosis of liver with ascites on basis of clinical evaluation, biochemical investigations, ultrasonography and UGI scopy. All the patients were chronic alcoholics and were not on any antibiotics. All patients with ascites due to other causes viz. renal, tuberculosis, malignant pathology, cholelithiasis, collagen vascular diseases etc. were excluded. Patients who were on antibiotics prior to or on admission were excluded. Patients with obvious causes of intra-abdominal infection were excluded from the study. RESULTS 21 out of 102 patients, i.e. 20.59% had spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Men (80.95%) more commonly presented with cirrhotic ascites when compared to women (19.05%) in our study. Ascitic fluid culture from 9 patients yielded positive results by bedside blood culture bottle inoculation. 12 patients (57.14%) were labelled as neutrocytic bacterascites. The most common organism cultured was E. coli (66.67%). CONCLUSION SBP is the common overlooked complication of ascites with prevalence common among male alcoholics in age group between 30-50 years with abdominal pain, the most common precursor symptom of SBP.
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus comprises a group of common metabolic disorder that shares the phenotype of Hyperglycaemia. Several distinct types of DM exist and is caused by complex interaction of genetic, environmental factors and lifestyle choices. The two broad categories of DM are designated as Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes occurs due to autoimmune Beta cell destruction. Type 2 DM is a heterogeneous group of disorder characterised by variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and increased glucose production.The objective of this study is to evaluate the microvascular and macrovascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among patients attending the Diabetology Outpatient Department at Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital, Vellore. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study was a cross-sectional study done on patients with age more than 35 years with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending the Diabetology Outpatient Department at Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital for a period of 6 months. Sample Size-The sample size was estimated through convenient sampling method. After satisfying the inclusion criteria, the total number of patients included in the study was 100. The selected patients underwent detailed clinical and biochemical evaluations. The results were calculated using SPSS V 16 Software and were expressed in percentage. RESULTSThe sample size of the study was 100. Maximum patients with diabetes were between 41 -60 years of age. 70% of patients had duration of diabetes < 5 yrs. Of the total number of patients 72% were found to be hypertensive, 57% were found to be obese, 20% of the study population were smokers and 74% were found to have hypercholesterolaemia which was found to be the highest risk factor followed by hypertension. The prevalence of retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy were 34%, 20% and 32% respectively. The most common microvascular complication was retinopathy. Among the newly diagnosed DM patients, the prevalence of retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy were 34%, 24% and 24% respectively. Among the macrovascular complications the prevalence of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease was found to be 36%, 6% and 10% respectively. The most common macrovascular complication was CAD. CONCLUSIONIn this study 53% of patients were males and 47% were females, all of them being above 35 years of age. The mean age of the patients was 54 years. The highest number of patients with diabetes was in the age group of 51 -60 years. 70% of patients had duration of diabetes < 5 years. Hypertension was found in 72% of patients. KEYWORDS
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.