Soybean is one of the leading commodities in Brazilian agribusiness. Its cultivation is widespread in different seed-producing regions of the country, where it generates income and local development. In this context, the soybean seed is a fundamental input, as its quality strongly influences the success of the crop. However, the period after the achievement of physiological maturity is critical for the maintenance of seed quality. For that reason, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of harvest delay on both the initial and final qualities of soybean seeds. The research consisted of four harvest times, in which the initial quality was assessed through tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging and tetrazolium. After 120 days of storage, the germination and accelerated aging tests were once again conducted. The experiment complied with a completely randomized block design with eight replications. The rainfall was monitored during the pre-harvest phase. All variables experienced negative impacts due to the delay in harvesting. Also, the seeds suffered more damage as the delay progressed, and the variables germination and seed vigor decreased after the storage period.
Inúmeras doenças que afetam a cultura do feijão são transmitidas por sementes para tal, são importantes estudos com sementes infectadas que produzam plântulas viáveis. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi testar diferentes métodos de inoculação de Fusarium oxysporum em sementes de feijão e verificar seu efeito no desenvolvimento das plântulas. Utilizaram-se sementes da cv. BRS Expedito, as quais foram inoculadas pelos métodos de suspensão de esporos, de contato com restrição hídrica e inoculação do substrato com discos de BDA contendo micélio do fungo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com oito repetições. Foram feitas avaliações de emergência, comprimento e massa seca de parte aérea e incidência de sintomas da doença em caule e folha. A inoculação do patógeno Fusarium oxysporum em sementes de feijão influencia negativamente o desenvolvimento das plântulas. O método de suspensão de esporos produz sintomas da doença com o menor comprometimento do desenvolvimento das plântulas.
Coriander seeds have high socio-economic value in several regions of Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast. Seed maturation determined by color influences the seed quality. With this, digital image processing has become an important tool for separating seeds by color since this classification is usually performed by humans and is highly susceptible to error. The study established parameters for separating coriander seeds by red green and blue (RGB) image analysis, seeking a better selection of coriander seeds according to their color, and evaluating the physiological quality by the germination test. Separation was carried out from two coriander seed lots to obtain samples of 20 g each in three shades: yellowish, gray, and mixed. Images were acquired by the HP C4480 Scanner and processed in the MATLAB software; then, a histogram was constructed for each color analyzed in each sample by the RGB system. ANOVA tested the averages of the scales to ratify the difference in the components’ distributions. The germination test was performed to confirm the results of seed separation using image analysis. The best selection of coriander seeds was achieved by the blue scale, and the germination test indicated that yellow seeds have a higher physiological quality than brownish/greyish seeds.
This study aimed to estimate the general and specific combining ability of partial soybean diallel crossings. The parents were divided in two groups contrasting for the characteristics of mass of thousand seeds, maturity group, flowers’ color, lodging and growth aspect. The scheme of partial diallel followed the Griffing model, where it were included the parents and the F1 generation. There was predominance of additive genic effects for the characteristics number of seeds per pods, number of seeds per plant and plants height. For number of pods per plant, seeds per plant and mass of hundred seeds the dominance effects were expressed by the superiority of specific combining ability in the determination of these characters. The parents G3 and G7 were the ones that contributed the most to the increase in yield in function of general combining ability for the characters number of pods per plant, seeds per plant, plant yield and mass of hundred seeds. The hybrids from the crossings between G3 x G5 and G3 x G4 are more promising for the characteristics related to yield, since they present elevated heterosis effect and high specific combining ability associated to increase general combining ability presented by the parent G3.
RESUMO Para alcançar a máxima qualidade das sementes, o momento ideal de colheita é de suma importância, no entanto, atrasos podem ocorrer, comprometendo assim, a qualidade das sementes devido à deterioração em campo. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão em função do retardamento de colheita. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2x3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dois genótipos de feijão (Iraí e BRS Expedito) e três épocas de colheita (maturação de colheita, sete e 14 dias após maturação de colheita). As sementes provenientes das diferentes épocas de colheitas foram submetidas aos testes de germinação, comprimento radicular, massa de mil sementes, emergência a campo e índice de velocidade de emergência. O retardamento de colheita de sementes de feijão até 14 dias após a maturidade de colheita promove perdas de qualidade fisiológica de sementes, entretanto as sementes poderiam ser comercializadas tendo em vista que apresentaram germinação igual ou superior a 80% em todas as situações de colheitas estudadas. Cultivares de feijão apresentam distintas tolerâncias à deterioração de sementes em campo devido ao retardamento de colheita. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Deterioração, Phaseolus vulgaris L., potencial fisiológico.
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