Transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily consists of a diverse group of non-selective cation channels that has a wide tissue distribution and is involved in many physiological processes including sensory perception, secretion of hormones, vasoconstriction/vasorelaxation, and cell cycle modulation. In the blood vessels, TRP channels are present in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and perivascular sensory nerves, and these channels have been implicated in the regulation of vascular tone, vascular cell proliferation, vascular wall permeability and angiogenesis. Additionally, dysfunction of TRP channels is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Unfortunately, the prevalence of diabetes and obesity is rising worldwide, becoming an important public health problems. These conditions have been associated, highlighting that obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. As well, both cardiometabolic diseases have been linked to a common disorder, vascular dysfunction. In this review, we briefly consider general aspects of TRP channels, and we focus the attention on TRPC (canonical or classical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), and TRPML (mucolipin), which were shown to be involved in vascular alterations of diabetes and obesity or are potentially linked to vascular dysfunction. Therefore, elucidation of the functional and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of TRP channels in vascular dysfunction in diabetes and obesity is important for the prevention of vascular complications and end-organ damage, providing a further therapeutic target in the treatment of these metabolic diseases.
Hypertension is a major public health concern globally and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). 1 The number of hypertensive adults increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, mainly in low-income and middle-income countries. 2 Moreover, in Brazil, approximately one quarter of the adult population are reported to have hypertension. 3 Globally, CVD was responsible for approximately 17.5 million deaths in 2012. If current trends continue, the annual number of deaths will increase to 22.2 million by 2030. 4 Frequently, hypertension is associated with metabolic disorders, functional or structural alterations of target organs, which are aggravated by behavioural risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, excessive salt intake and aging. The most common form of hypertension is "essential hypertension"; however, the causes remain unknown. 5,6 The treatment of hypertension includes some classes of drugs, including: beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel
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