In many countries of the world child labour persists despite the existence and implementation of laws and regulations to eliminate the problem. In many instances children are preferred as workforce because they are easier to manipulate, intimidate, abuse and exploit due in part to their inexperience and relative immaturity. There are many reasons why children work. However, their labour participation means that they are denied or deprived of their right to education, which is crucial to their future prospects, personal development and directly or indirectly to the development of a country. They are not attending school as they should or are not spending enough time on educational development. A study was conducted in 2007-2008 in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia to determine if the working children are aware of their right to education and if they feel deprived not attending school. It is also to identify reasons they work and if they would return to school if given the opportunity to do so. A total of 26 child labourers aged 9 – 18 years were sampled and interviewed for the purpose. This paper discusses the findings of the study. From the study it can be concluded that there are many reasons that caused many children to work, which in turn have deprived them of their education. Without education their future would be bleak. This is because only education can help change and improve their lives and their future
In Malaysia the family has been the main institution caring for the aged. However, the processes of development, directly or indirectly, have impacted the size, functions and structure of the family unit, which subsequently impacted the family intergenerational relationships and communication. This study is about the intergenerational relationships and communication specifically among the rural aged with their family members. The main objective is to further understand the relationship of the aged with those around them and its contribution to productive and quality ageing process. Survey was the main method used in the study and was conducted among 200 older persons residing in the rural area of mukim Sungai Petani, in the district of Kuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia. A total of 186 co-residing adult children were also interviewed. The study shows that the intergenerational relationship is still stable and harmonious. The study also shows that the family structure in the area is mainly extended rather than nuclear with the family members exchanging mutual support. In fact, family and kinship network have remain important support network for the families. Generally, the children show positive and responsible attitudes towards their parents. This is in line with Malaysian culture that places importance on good and close relationships between generations.
Along the shoreline and in the sea where limestone is in contact with the sea water marine erosion and weathering processes produced beautiful and unique seascape features such as sea-stack, sea-arch, sea-cave, sea-notch, promontory, remnant island, abrasion platform and magnificent rare mangrove forest growing on limestone bedrock. This phenomenon forms beautiful and unique scenery between limestone hills.Apart from landscape features, limestone is also rich in fossils and other geological elements of high scientific value. Several fossil and mineralisation sites have been identified in Kilim-Kisap and Dayang Bunting areas. IMPORTANCE OF GEOHERITAGE IN LANDUSE PLANNING AND THE NEED FOR CONSERVATIONAs discussed above the geological heritage features at each geosite have taken hundred million years to be produced through very slow geological processes. A feature like the oldest piece of tronjehmite rock is found only on Pulau Tepur and should be well protected. Many other features of similar rarity and importance can be found in Langkawi and must be included in the list of national heritage. The sea-karst and island karst features are very rare and similar landscape can only be found in a few places in the whole world. The majestic Machinchang landscape is only found in the Machinchang range. These evidences tell us that they are priceless and should remain intact or with minimum disturbance in future.Most of the beautiful geoheritage features and geosites as shown in Figure 5 are located in either geoforest parks or permanent forest reserve. There are more than 70 geosites within these forest reserves some of which are included in the three geoforest parks in 2005, namely Machinchang Cambrian, Kilim Karst and Dayang Bunting Marble Geoforest Parks. The concept of geoforest park was introduced by Ismail et al. (2004) as a new concept and approach for conservation which combine the importance of geological and biological elements found together within the forest reserves. Geosite protection is considered as an important agenda in Geoforest Park in ensuring sustainability of all natural resources and in adding more value and attraction to the park. and can be regarded as national treasures and heritages. These geoheritage features are also non-renewable, which means that once they are damaged or wiped out they will be gone forever. These reasons justify that most of the geoheritage resources and geosites need to be urgently protected or at least given due consideration in the land use planning to ensure their sustainability. At present most of the geoheritage features identified at more than 90 geosites in Langkawi are located either in the three geoforest parks or Permanent Forest Reserve, but the rest remain vulnerable because they are not located in any conservation area ( Figure 5) and can be easily wiped out for development (Tanot Unjah 2011). Realising this possibility the Malaysian Geological Heritage Group of Malaysia has submitted about 15 of the highly critical and most important geosites to the Heritage ...
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