cymules in Croton), and stamens in bud (erect in Brasiliocroton vs. inflexed in Croton). Key to the species of Brasiliocroton from the Atlantic Rain Forest 1a. Indument on young branches whitish to ochraceous; inflorescences terminal, always bisexual; sepals of the pistillate flowers united; capsules smooth, covered by dendritic trichomes .
Croton macrobothrys subsp. septentrionalis, a new subspecies of section Cyclostigma from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is here described and illustrated. It occurs in moist forests between 100–1000 m of elevation in the states of Bahia, Alagoas, and NE Minas Gerais. Given this new finding, we expand the morphological delineation of Croton macrobothrys and update its geographic distribution. We also provide a key to the two subspecies and identify the name C. macrobothrys var. microbothrys as a nomen nudum under Croton echioideus in section Adenophylli.
A revised assessment of Croton L. sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. is provided. The section as now circumscribed includes 84 species ranging across warm areas of the Americas. A nuclear ITS phylogeny of 150 accessions from 83 species and a chloroplast trnL-F phylogeny of 89 accessions from 65 species were generated to confirm correct phylogenetic placement of the species and to determine if any species previously included in the section should now be excluded. Seven new species are described, and we present a taxonomic synopsis that lists all currently accepted species along with their synonyms, distributions, and pertinent comments. We also recognize four subsections within Croton sect. Geiseleria and list their corresponding species. Based on both morphological and molecular criteria, we now recognize C. lagunillae Croizat as a distinct species, rather than as a variety of C. guildingii Griseb. (now treated as C. suavis Kunth), and we treat C. ramillatus Croizat var. magniglandulifer V. W. Steinm. as a species, C. magniglandulifer (V. W. Steinm.) B. W. van Ee. We also exclude C. tetradenius Baill. from Croton sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. along with related species such as C. pulegiodorus Baill. and C. leptobotryus Müll. Arg., which are either members of Croton sect. Adenophylli Griseb. or else may merit new sectional status. We also exclude C. waltherioides Urb., although it is not clear to which section of Croton it belongs.
Abstract:Croton is the second largest genus of Euphorbiaceae with about 1200 species worldwide. Brazil has around 350 species of Croton in all kinds of habitats, but with a great number of species concentrated in the eastern part of the country. The present work increases the number of Croton species in São Paulo to 38, due to our recent discovery of Croton echinocarpus in this state. We also provide comments on the taxonomy, photographs and a distribution map for this species.
-(Synopsis of the tribe Alchorneae (Euphorbiaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil). Two genera, Aparisthmium, a monotypic genus, and Alchornea, with three species, were recognized for the tribe Alchorneae in the State of São Paulo. Keys for genera and species, information about phenology, geographic distribution, vegetation of occurrence, and taxonomic comments are provided to each species.
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