Biosurfactants are microbial metabolites with possible applications in various industrial sectors that are considered ecofriendly molecules. In recent years, some studies identified these compounds as alternatives for the elimination of vectors of tropical diseases, such as Aedes aegypti. The major bottlenecks of biosurfactant industrial production have been the use of conventional raw materials that increase production costs as well as opportunistic or pathogenic bacteria, which restrict the application of these biomolecules. The present study shows the potential of hemicellulosic sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as a raw material for the production of a crystalline glycolipidic BS by Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-7124, which resulted in an emulsifying index (EI24) of 70 ± 3.4% and a superficial tension of 52 ± 2.9 mN.m-1. Additionally, a possible new application of these compounds as biolarvicides, mainly against A. aegypti, was evaluated. At a concentration of 800 mg.L-1, the produced biosurfactant caused destruction to the larval exoskeletons 12 h after application and presented an letal concentration (LC50) of 660 mg.L-1. Thus, a new alternative for biosurfactant production using vegetal biomass as raw material within the concept of biorefineries was proposed, and the potential of the crystalline glycolipidic biosurfactant in larvicidal formulations against neglected tropical disease vectors was demonstrated.

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The integrated approach in biorefinery mainly involves the utilization of various agroindustrial byproducts such as raw materials for the production of several biobased products like biofuels, bioenergy, and other high-value chemicals. Biofuels are the backbone of biorefineries, however, production of value-added biomolecules such as biopigments, biopolymers, biosurfactants, and nutritional yeast has been attracting great attention. The production of these biomolecules using traditional approaches has been extensively studied in the last few years owing to their promising application in different industries such as chemical, food/feed, and pharmaceuticals for the development of novel products for mankind. Moreover, the production of such biomolecules using lignocellulosic, starchy, and some other agroindustrial byproducts is still not fully explored. Hence, there is a huge scope in the development of sustainable biorefining approaches to make the technology cost-effective. The lignocellulosic biomasses usually used in biorefineries are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, whereas starchy materials, besides starch, usually contain, protein, lipids, and some micronutrients. The processing of these biomasses through successive steps like pretreatments, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation is essentially required to obtained final biobased products. Considering certain bottlenecks of above-mentioned conventional biorefineries approaches, new technologies have been proposed for the improved pretreatment of biomass and efficient enzymatic hydrolysis in order to minimize the concentration of toxic inhibitors in resulting hydrolysate. In this review, we highlighted the different agroindustrial byproducts and their applications for the production of valuable biorefinery products.

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Variedades híbridas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar AGRADECIMENTOSAo meu orientador, Silvio Silvério da Silva, pela amizade, oportunidade, confiança e paciência durante todo o desenvolvimento da pesquisa; A minha professora de graduação, Ana Maria Cugliana, pelo incentivo e força;Ao CTC, em especial ao Daniel Ibraim Pires Átala, pela disponibilidade das amostras de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar;A FATEA, pelo empréstimo do extrator, em especial ao técnico Eduardo;Ao pessoal do laboratório do Adilson, em especial à Cibele, pela grande paciência que tiveram comigo e pelo empréstimo de equipamentos do laboratório;Aos colegas de laboratório Adriana, Aline, Ana, Bruna, Bruno, Daniel, Danielle, Eduardo, Felipe, Giovana, Ivy, Juliana, Luma, Maurício, Samira, Samuel, Thais e Victor, por terem me aguentado (Não mexam no material de caracterização!); Ao Anuj, Ellen, Fernando, Germano, Kelly, Nica, Rita e aos professores George Jackson e Walter Carvalho, pelos insights no meu trabalho; À Sabrina, pelo carinho, paciência e zelo durante todo o tempo. Conte comigo, sempre! A todos do departamento, que influenciaram direta ou indiretamente para a realização deste trabalho. Proporcionando, seja conhecimento, ou momentos de descontração;Aos meus familiares e amigos, que acreditaram em mim; À bolsa CAPES, CNPq e FAPESP pelo apoio financeiro. "E aqueles que foram vistos dançando foram julgados insanos por aqueles que não podiam escutar a música"Friedrich RESUMOO presente trabalho teve como objetivo, a caracterização da composição química de diferentes variedades de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (CTC-9; CT99-1906; SP81-3250; RB86-7515 e CT99-1902), e posterior hidrólise enzimática para averiguação de açúcares redutores e sacarificação da biomassa. As análises composicionais foram realizadas utilizando biomassa nas condições in natura, celulignina e polpa celulósica. As condições de pré-tratamento das amostras para hidrólise com ácido sulfúrico diluído (relação s/l: 1,5:10; temperatura: 150 °C; concentração ácida: H 2 SO 4 2% m/v; tempo: 30 minutos); e deslignificação com hidróxido de sódio (1:10 s/l; 100 °C; 1% NaOH; 30 minutos) foram pré-estabelecidas de modo a determinar uma análise comparativa das diferentes variedades de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar estudadas. A hidrólise enzimática das amostras obtidas após os pré-tratamento foram realizadas em frascos Erlenmeyers de 125 mL, contendo tampão citrato (50 mM; pH 5; 1:20 s/l) e carga enzimática (Celluclast 1.5 L -75 FPU/mL e 13,5 UI/mL de β-glicosidase; e Novozym 188 -65 UI/mL de β-glicosidase), e surfactante Tween 20 (0,15 g/g de bagaço). A composição química das variedades de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, açúcares redutores e sacarificação da biomassa foram determinados por métodos cromatográficos, espectrofotométricos e gravimétricos tradicionais. Quanto a análise das variedades de cana tratada, a média dos valores observados: in natura -celulose (40,84%), hemicelulose (24,07%), lignina (33,7%) e cinzas (0,68%); extraído -celulose (38,83%), hemicelulose (27,32%), lignina (25,92), cinzas (0,32%) e e...