The human population is currently on the rise and most Europeans live in urban areas, leading to increased urbanization. The change comes with its challenges, as cities, architecture, and urban spaces need to become more fluid, multi-functional, and innovative. This paper examines whether a change of use of public spaces, and functions of architectural and urban forms, can be used as an element in the implementation of sustainable urbanization. The theoretical framework of this paper focuses on literature findings relating to identified key aspects such as innovative approaches in changes of use — recycling and upcycling, green infrastructure and financial aspects, concepts of “right of the place”, and public participation. These aspects are addressed on both theoretical and practical levels, with the National Theatre in London as a case study. Findings convey that the change of use of spaces can be utilized to achieve sustainable urbanization, together with the management of functions and uses of architectural and urban forms. However, further research is needed with various stakeholders to identify a solid and inherent database, as a foundation on which the most optimal urban spaces would emerge, by identifying new functions and uses of urban space and architecture.
SažetakStan je primarno mjesto čovjekova bivanja, a kvaliteta stanovanja jedan od najvećih interesa društva. Dosadašnjim istraživanjem stanovanja u višestambenim zgradama, uočen je nerazmjer između karakteristika, odnosno kvalitete sadašnjeg stambenog fonda i potreba korisnika, što govori o nužnosti za detaljnim i kontinuiranim istraživanjem teme stanovanja upravo iz ovog aspekta. Potrebi za istraživanjem pridonose i stalne promjene stambenih potreba koje uvjetuje suvremeni način života. Cilj je ovog rada dati uvid u istraživanje koje se provodi u sklopu disertacije čija je tema razvoj modela korisničkog vrednovanja prostornih karakteristika stana. Istraživanje koje se provodi usmjereno je na analizu arhitektonskog rješenja stana s težnjom da se prouči njegova pogodnost da unutar svojih granica korisniku osigura adekvatan prostor za suvremeni način života. Uspostavljanjem relacije između teorijskih i praktičnih iskusatva, odnosno iskustava istraživača i projektanata s iskustvom korisnika stana, teži se kvalitetnom i sveobuhvatnom pristupu projektiranja čovjekove najintimnije sredine.Ključne riječi: stan, vrednovanje, kvaliteta stanovanja, korisnik, prostorne karakteristike stana User evaluation of spatial properties of apartments AbstractThe apartment is regarded as a person's primary place of residence, and housing quality as one of the greatest interests of the society. During analysis of previous studies on collective housing, a discrepancy has been revealed between the characteristics, i.e. the quality, of the current housing stock and the needs of apartment users. This discrepancy points to the need for a detailed and continuous research of the housing issue from this specific point of view. Continuous changes in housing needs, made necessary by modern lifestyle, have also contributed to the need for this research. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the research that is carried out within a PhD dissertation focusing on the development of a model for user evaluation of spatial characteristics of apartments. The research that is currently under way concentrates on the analysis of an architectural solution for apartments in order to examine suitability of apartments to provide users, within appropriate limits, with an adequate space ensuring a modern lifestyle. This research aims to provide a qualitative and comprehensive approach to apartment design, where apartment is regarded as every person's most intimated space, and this through establishment of the relationship between theoretical and practical experience, i.e. between the experience of researchers and designers and that of apartment users.
AIM: The aim of this study is to present the state of the theatre and architecture as a part of Space in the 20th Century Theatre.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three aspects of the architecture were described: theatre in the typology of architectural objects, theatre as a programme in architecture, and theatre as an art form.RESULTS: Theatre has never been, nor could it ever become a subject independent of architecture. Correspondingly, the stage space is not, and should not be a separate issue, the subject of "consultants", but a crucial and equally worthy part of the complex, rich and consistent structure of the theatre house - as a whole. The theatre house in its entirety becomes a public facility and begins to develop its central function in the city. From this point of view, it is not only that the theatre has not lost its traditionally dominant urban position, on the contrary, that position is constantly evolving.CONCLUSIONS: Theatre, based on interpersonal communications in real space and real time, provoking our experiences on the borderline between reality and illusion, and constantly questioning those boundaries, can possibly discover the “otherness of the real world”, that is to “change the nature of the individual, in order to change the essence of the world”
BACKGROUND: Interaction of literature, visual and performing arts as well as media, especially in the second half of the twentieth century, has substantially transformed the technical and artistic resources the theatre uses.AIM: The aim of this study is to present determination, consequence and assumption as parts of Space in the 20th Century Theatre.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three aspects of the architecture were described in details: determination, consequence and assumption of the space in the 20th century theatre.RESULTS: The idea of theatre is conveyed through houses, books, research documents, history and theory, but it is also conveyed through "theatre people". This concept, can be and must be understood the two ways: as a guideline for a highly heterogeneous and inarticulate "global tribe", and at the same time, as the common name for members of a particular theatre - the theatre as a troupe, or theatre as a movement, but mostly the theatre as an institution of what we often call “the theatre house”.CONCLUSION: The causal system of relationships between the theatre house, theatre people and theatre as an idea (or the idea of theatre) is the central theme of my understanding of the definitions, values and purpose of theatre
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