No abstract

1Concentration-related dye leakage produced by intracutaneous injections of irritants was measured in rats by an Evans blue technique. 2 In rats pretreated with a total dose of 50 mg capsaicin over 4 days, the response to capsaicin, formalin, HC1, KCI, prostaglandin E,, bradykinin and bradykinin with prostaglandin E1 (10-6 M) were greatly reduced, the responses to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were slightly reduced and those to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and compound 48/80 were unaffected.3 Pretreatment with intracutaneous injections of compound 48/80 (0.5 ,ug, 24 and 48 h previously) recuded the responses to ATP, compound 48/80, HCI, KCI, prostaglandin E1, and bradykinin but did not affect those to histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or bradykinin with prostaglandin E1 (106 M). 4 Responses to capsaicin and formalin produced spotted blueing extending over a large area and were suppressed by compound 48/80 in the smaller pretreated area only. Capsaicin responses were reduced with larger doses of compound 48/80 (total dose 15 gg).

Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldi) was once widely distributed across Southeast Asia, however the species is now listed as Endangered, having suffered severe population declines and range contractions. Cambodia has been considered a strong hold for the Eld’s deer subspecies R. e. siamensis, however there is limited population data available for this species within Cambodia, making its status unclear. Here, we collated all records of Eld’s deer presence between 2000 and 2020 to provide an insight into the current status of the species in Cambodia. Data was sourced through literature review as well as the internal databases of conservation organisations and biodiversity surveys. Our findings reveal that very small, spatially isolated populations of Eld’s deer are now largely restricted to nine areas in the eastern and northern parts of the country and that urgent conservation action is required to secure the future of this species in Cambodia. Effective law enforcement and anti-hunting strategies, implementation of management plans within protected areas as well as investigation into the potential of captive populations to support the conservation of Eld’s deer in the wild are essential for preserving this species.

Methylamine and chloroquine both ‘lysosomotropic’ agents (i.e. agents which sequester in lysosomes) caused a dose‐related inhibition of mitogen‐induced lymphocyte activation in the concentrations which have previously been shown to increase the pH of lysosomes. The dose‐response curves of inhibition of mitogen‐induced lymphocyte activation for chloroquine and methylamine are very steep and are similar to the dose‐response curves obtained with dimaprit and nordimaprit, but very different from the flat dose‐response curves previously described for histamine. Approximate IC50 values were methylamine 6.4 mm, dimaprit 0.13 mm, nordimaprit 0.03 mm and chloroquine 18 μm. It is suggested that the mechanism of action of methylamine and chloroquine may be related to their lysosomotropic action and consequent interference with ligand‐receptor processing, and that dimaprit and nordimaprit but not histamine may act by a similar mechanism.