The design of a robust human identification system is in high demand in most modern applications such as internet banking and security, where the multifeature biometric system, also called feature fusion biometric system, is one of the common solutions that increases the system reliability and improves recognition accuracy. This paper implements a comprehensive comparison between two fusion methods, named the feature-level fusion and score-level fusion, to determine which method highly improves the overall system performance. The comparison takes into consideration the image quality for the six combination datasets as well as the type of the applied feature extraction method. The four feature extraction methods, local binary pattern (LBP), gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), principle component analysis (PCA), and Fourier descriptors (FDs), are applied separately to generate the face-iris machine vector dataset. The experimental results highlighted that the recognition accuracy has been significantly improved when the texture descriptor method, such as LBP, or the statistical method, such as PCA, is utilized with the score-level rather than feature-level fusion for all combination datasets. The maximum recognition accuracy is obtained at 97.53% with LBP and score-level fusion where the Euclidean distance (ED) is considered to measure the maximum accuracy rate at the minimum equal error rate (EER) value.
This paper presents three novelty aspects in developing biometric system-based face recognition software for human identification applications. First, the computations cost is greatly reduced by eliminating the feature extraction phase and considering only the detected face features from the phase congruency. Secondly, a motivation towards applying a new technique, named mean-based training (MBT) is applied urgently to overcome the matching delay caused by the long feature vector. The last novelty aspect is utilizing the one-to-one mapping relationship for fusing the edge-to-angle unimodal classification results into a multimodal system using the logical-OR rule. Despite some dataset difficulties like Unconstrained Facial Images(UFI) which includes varying illuminations, expressions, occlusions, and poses, the multimodal system has highly improved the accuracy rate and achieved a promising recognition result, where the decision fusion is classified correctly (84, 92, and 72%) with only one training vector per MBT in contrast to (80, 62, and 68%) with five training vectors for Normal matching. These results are measured by Eucledian, Manhattan, and Cosine distance measure respectively.
Phase congruency is an edge detector and measurement of the significant feature in the image. It is a robust method against contrast and illumination variation. In this paper, two novel techniques are introduced for developing a low-cost human identification system based on face recognition. Firstly, the valuable phase congruency features, the gradient-edges and their associated angles are utilized separately for classifying 130 subjects taken from three face databases with the motivation of eliminating the feature extraction phase. By doing this, the complexity can be significantly reduced. Secondly, the training process is modified when a new technique, called averaging-vectors is developed to accelerate the training process and minimizes the matching time to the lowest value. However, for more comparison and accurate evaluation, three competitive classifiers: Euclidean distance (ED), cosine distance (CD), and Manhattan distance (MD) are considered in this work. The system performance is very competitive and acceptable, where the experimental results show promising recognition rates with a reasonable matching time.
Biometric features have received great attention for many applications. Iris recognition is one of the most modern biometric technique that is used for accurate and reliable authentication. Recently, Gray-Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) is one of the advanced techniques used for features extraction. In this paper, an iris recognition system proposed involves; preprocessing, feature extraction, and matching processes. After the preprocessing process, the feature extraction technique based on GLCM has been applied to pure iris region to extract features. Only one of the second-order statistical features known as contrast will be calculated from the generated co-occurrence matrix and stored it as a numerical feature vector in CASIA-v4.0-iris database. During recognition, the matching metric based on Euclidean distance has been used for authentication. Results have demonstrated (99.5%) highly accuracy rate with (0.02) FAR, and (0.01) FRR.
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