Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nanoparticles have a higher surface area to volume, ratio, and high surface energies, so nano-based absorbents are very efficient. Adsorption technique is the most preferred for the remediation of wastewater pollutants. In the current study, a comparative study was done between bio sorbents, nanosorbents and bio nanosorbents. The chapter studies with the synthesis and characterization of the bio sorbents, bionanosorbents, their mechanism of sorption, their synthesis, in addition, application for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. The fly ash is an industrial byproduct. Biosorbents have immense applications in the field of bioremediation of heavy metals. Further, their components have also enhanced removal efficiency from the wastewater.
Indigenous design and fabrication horizontal of electrospinning set up was developed to facilitate with double drum conveyor belt system to make ease in harvesting nanofibers rapidly. As a bench mark study, organic-inorganic nanofiber composite was synthesised employing our indigenous electrospinning set up. The aqueous solution of poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (vinyl alcohol)/silica sol were employed to produce nanofiber mats in order to vary the experimental parameters such as voltage, solvent effect and the effect of catalyst. The synthesised pure electro spun poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (vinyl alcohol)/silica sol fibers were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR). According to the results, the fine polymeric nanofibers were achieved in the size range of 100-500 nm for pure poly (vinyl alcohol) fiber and 100-700 nm for polyvinyl alcohol/silica and the constitution of silica in rendering better fiber mats with this double drum set up.
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