Chronic periodontitis is defined as the inflammation of the gingiva extending into the adjacent attachment apparatus. The disease is characterized by loss of clinical attachment due to destruction of the periodontal ligament and loss of the adjacent supporting bone 1. Recent studies have shown that chronic periodontitis pose a risk factor for various systemic diseases like cardio-vascular, respiratory, diabetes, obesity, adverse pregnancy outcomes and so on. Metabolic syndrome refers to the cooccurrence of certain disorders that increase the risk of ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the periodontal status of patients with metabolic syndrome compared to general healthy individuals and to determine whether the periodontal status was consistent with the values of the metabolic components. Methods: A total of ninety patients were examined in this study. Group one consisted of forty five patients who were confirmed to have metabolic syndrome and group two consisted of forty five age and sex matched healthy controls. Plaque index, Gingival Bleeding Index (Ainamo & Bay), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CEJ), total number of missing teeth and the reasons for extraction were also noted. Medical examination and blood investigations included measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, Body-Mass Index (BMI), serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP ATP III definition. The results obtained were analyzed statistically using SYSTAT html output. Results: The results of the present study showed that the periodontal condition of group one patients were poor compared to group two patients. The periodontal conditioned worsened with an increase in the metabolic components. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, it can be concluded that that periodontitis and metabolic syndrome were confounding the systemic effects of each other. Dentists should counsel their patients regarding the health hazards of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis and motivate them to maintain good oral hygiene and follow healthy lifestyle .
Aim: To correlate the percentage of gingival bleeding sites and blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and methods: a total of hundred patients participated in this case-control study. They were grouped in to two groups. Group 1 consisted of 50 type II diabetic patients and group II consisted of 50 non-diabetic patients. Post prandial blood glucose levels oral-hygiene index and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing were recorded. The results obtained were analysed statistically using students't' test. Results: Bleeding tendencies were more in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients.It was found to be highly statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The study suggested the association of gingival bleeding to the blood glucose level. Blood glucose level reflects their metabolic rates.
Aim: To evaluate and correlate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) patients with metastasis and without metastasis. Materials and methods:The study comprised of 40 samples, 20 cases of metastatic and 20 nonmetastatic OSCC. All the cases were immunostained for EGFR antibody. Epidermal growth factor receptor stained sections were evaluated for staining intensity and distribution. The differences between the groups were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: Immunoexpression of EGFR in OSCC was 100% among the study groups, where metastatic group showed an increased positive expression comparing to nonmetastatic OSCC that show statistically significance among the study groups. Conclusion: Expression of EGFR can be used as reliable biomarker for prognosis which can be employed in the prediction of the survival of the patient with OSCC. Clinical significance: Since we are in the theragnostic era, evaluating and quantifying the expression of EGFR in OSCC patient will definitely pave a way in targeted drug therapy and personalized medicine for the diseased.
Introduction: Biomineralisation is a dynamic, complex, constant mechanism by which living organisms manage precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid biological tissues, for example, enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Realising the mechanism of mineral deposition is crucial for the progress of treatments for mineralisation associated diseases and also for the innovation and development of scaffolds. Aim: To measure the remineralisation capacity of enamel surface lesion using marine skeletal species-Perna viridis (mussel shell) powder extract on human tooth enamel. Materials and Methods: The in vitro quantitative observational research study conducted from June 20th, 2020 to July 20th, 2020, included five freshly extracted un-erupted third molars decoronated at Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ). The coronal portion of single tooth was sectioned into 4 samples of enamel blocks in order to receive 20 blocks which were subjected to demineralisation process and divided as: Group A(Experimental group)-subsurface demineralisation + mussel shell powder extract and Group B (Control group)- subsurface demineralisation + clinpro application being placed in artificial saliva solution for thirty days. The specimens were tested for X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, microhardness testing and atomic analyses using Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t-test to check differences at the level of p≤0.05 between groups which were considered as statistically significant. Results: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed calcium concentration in mussel shell of 95% and concentration of Phosphate as 0.31%. Group B (Clinpro) presented statistically significantly higher (p-value 0.028) potential in enhancing the remineralisation than Group A: Mussel Shell Powder Extract (MSPE). The results of atomic analyses exhibited that quantitative amounts of Ca weight % and P weight % is statistically insignificant between both the groups. Group B (Clinpro) showed greatest ability in promoting remineralisation than Group A (mussel shell extract). Conclusion: Marine shells with 95% of calcium concentration can remineralise enamel surface lesion.
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