Abstract-This paper aims to investigate the effect of acceleration on the discomfort of standing passengers. The acceleration levels from different public rail transport lines such as the mass rapid transits (MRTs) and light rail transits (LRTs) of Singapore, as well as the associated qualitative data indicating the discomfort of standing passengers were collected and analyzed. Based on a logistic regression model to analyze the data, a discomfort index was introduced, which can be used to compare various rail lines based on ride comfort. A method for predicting the discomfort of passengers based on the acceleration values was proposed for any given train line.
Today the world is running on engines. Internal combustion engines are used more than other type of engines because of their advantages. The use of these has been increasing day by day. But pollution caused by these engines is making them an environmental problem and the reason for this, is usage of fossil fuels which are rich in hydro carbons. The burning of these fuels will release unburnt hydro carbons because of incomplete combustion of fuel inside the engine cylinder. The performance of the engine is also affected because of this. Minimization of this incomplete combustion is done by pre heating of fuel. Pre-heating means heating the fuel before going in to the combustion chamber. The heat required for preheating is taken from exhaust gases by placing a heat exchanger at the preheating point. As the fuel temperature is increased, incomplete combustion of fuel is avoided. Therefore performance is increased and emission of polluting gases is also reduced. In order to evaluate the effect of pre heating tests were carried with and without preheating under constant speed of 1300 R.P.M and also at variable speed ranging from 1450 to 1600 R.P.M.
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