million people who are obese. [3] According to a report of the World Health Organization, 2.8 million adults die each year as a result of being overweight or obese. In addition, 44% of the diabetes, 23% of the ischemic heart disease, and 7-41% of certain cancers are attributable to overweight and obesity. [3] In the twenty-first century, obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country's population. [4] India is following a trend of other developing countries that are steadily becoming more obese. According to National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), the overall prevalence of overweight/obesity in India was 12.1% in men and 16% in women. There was a large difference in the prevalence of overweight or obese across various states. Punjab had the highest prevalence (men, 30.3%; women, 37.5%), and Tripura had the lowest prevalence (men 5.2%; women, 5.3%). [5] Aging is a normal, biological, and universal phenomenon that refers to various effects and manifestation of old age. It is described in terms of biological, psychological, and social aspects. [6] In recent decades, as life expectancy increases, the world's older population is growing in an accelerated phase. The elderly population in India increased from 20 million in 1951 to 57 million in 1991 and is expected to be 198 million in 2030 and 326 million in 2050. [7] Elderly populations are a subset of vulnerable population as they face various challenges; health issues emerge Background: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country's population. Objectives: To measure the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among elderly people in our urban field practice area of Puducherry, India.
Background: Hepatitis B is a serious, global, public health problem nearly two billion people in the world have been infected with HBV. Medical students represent a population that is at high‑risk group for acquiring and spreading hepatitis B infection (HBV). Despite increasing prevalence of HBV, there is paucity of information on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) HBV among medical students. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices of hepatitis B infection among medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2017 to August 2017 on medical students at Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data from 200 undergraduate medical students.Results: In the present study 82.5% of medical students had correct knowledge that vaccine is available for hepatitis B .Regarding spread of Hepatitis B, 92.5% said that hepatitis B spreads by blood, 91.0% said that is spread by sexual contact, 97% revealed that vaccination can prevent the hepatitis B infection. With respect to the risk factors 95.5% said that shared needle is a risk factor for hepatitis B, Regarding the vaccination status of the students for hepatitis B only 32% are fully vaccinated, 30% are partially vaccinated and 38% are unvaccinated.Conclusions: This study showed that the knowledge and attitude of medical students are good, but practice was not sufficient only 32% of the medical students are fully vaccinated for Hepatitis B.
Background: India has earned the dubious distinction of being the diabetic capital of the world. The majority of people with diabetes (>90%) have Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While T2DM predominantly affects older individuals in developed countries, in developing nations like India, it affects the younger population in the prime of their working lives and thus poses an even greater threat to the health of these individuals. Objectives of the study were to assess the Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk status of adult population in urban area of Tamil Nadu and to measure the association between sociodemographic factors like age, sex and socio economic status with diabetes risk score.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in Anakaputhur, an urban area in Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu in June 2016 among adult population on risk status for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Indian Diabetic Risk Score. The data was entered in MS Excel & analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 20.0 version. Descriptive statistics like proportions were calculated. Chi square test was used to compare the proportions between the groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of 351 study subjects, only 30 (8.5%)study subjects were not at risk of having diabetes, 119 (33.9%) were at moderate risk and 202 (57.6%) were at higher risk of having Diabetes. Comparing age, gender, socio-economic status with diabetes risk category, we found that age is associated with diabetes risk category and the p – value was highly significant.Conclusions: Majority of the study subjects were at risk of having diabetes, hence screening is of utmost importance so that interventions can be initiated at an early stage.
The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of domestic accidents, describe the factors associated with domestic accidents and assess the medical and economical consequences of domestic accidents. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-urban area of Tamil Nadu during February 2013. A total of 3947 study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Study variables included were socio-demography, housing conditions, epidemiological factors, medical and economical consequences of domestic accidents. Means and proportions were calculated. The prevalence of domestic accidents was 12.7%. Out of 500 domestic accidents, falls (54.4%) was the most common type of domestic accident. Females and the respondents in age group of 21-40 years were more commonly affected. About 60% of victims received treatment. Mean duration of hospital stay, mean amount of money spent for treatment and mean number of days away from routine work for falls category were 16 days, US$25 and 8 days, respectively, which are higher than other types of accidents. The burden and impact of domestic accidents was high. Therefore, in order to prevent and control domestic accidents, promotion of house safety measures and creation of awareness among the community using IEC programmes have to be undertaken.
Background: Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated that increases the risk of many adverse health conditions. Obesity being a risk factor facilitates the onset and severity of non-communicable diseases. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among elderly people residing in a semi urban area of Chennai and to measure the association between selected factors associated with overweight and obesity among the study population.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Adayalampet and Nazrathpet, a semi urban area near Chennai, which comes under the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine ACS medical college, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India, during the month of November. Study population included 251 elderly aged 60 years and above. Data were collected by house-to-house survey using pre designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software, version 16.0. Simple proportions were calculated, and chi square test was applied for statistical significance; p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of overweight was found to be 30.7% with a 95% CI (24.99-36.41) and obesity was 8.3% (4.89-11.71). Diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity gender, education are associated with overweight/obesity and were statistically significant.Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity, among elderly people was moderate to high among our study population. Hence concerned efforts through behavior change communication intervention are required to reduce the burden of overweight/obesity among the community.
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