Rabies is a viral zoonosis affecting mammal species and causes large economic losses. Included among the neglected diseases, it is still insufficiently addressed by governments and the international community, despite formal surveillance and control programs. This study used a dataset of 10,112 rabies diagnoses in animals provided by the Brazilian passive surveillance system from 2001 to 2012. The positivity rate of the tested samples was 26.4%, and a reduction in the total samples sent during the last six years was observed. The kernel density map indicated case concentration in the south region and a decrease in density of rabies cases in the second period studied (2007 to 2012). The directional trend of positive rabies diagnoses remained in the south region, as shown by the standard deviational ellipse. The spatial scan statistic identified three large clusters of positive diagnoses, one in the first period (2001-2006) and two in the second period (2007-2012), indicating an expansion of risk areas. The decrease in rabies cases from 2006 to 2012 does not necessarily reflect lower viral circulation or improvement in actions by epidemiological surveillance; this decrease could indicate a deficiency in epidemiological surveillance during the observation period due to the increase in the silent areas. Surveillance should maintain an increasing or constant number of tests during the years in addition to a reduction in the number of outbreaks of rabies, which would indicate a lower positivity rate. The findings in this study indicate deterioration in the effectiveness of the passive surveillance for rabies. The number of rabies cases, total number of tests performed and positivity rate are good indicators for evaluating passive surveillance. This paper can function as a guide for the assessment and improvement of the actions in passive surveillance of rabies.
Compreender a dinâmica de atuação dos frigoríficos contribui para a definição de prioridades e para o estabelecimento de barreiras sanitárias, em caso de uma possível emergência sanitária, ou para a busca de estratégias para a erradicação de enfermidades bovinas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e descrever as áreas de abrangência dos principais municípios que possuem frigoríficos de abate de bovinos com serviço de inspeção federal nos estados do Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, revelando as peculiaridades do trânsito bovino. Os dados para execução do estudo, fornecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, foram trabalhados espacialmente e por meio de redes de fluxo.As técnicas de geoprocessamento revelaram as regiões de atuação dos frigoríficos dos principais municípios de destino dos dois estados, no entanto no Mato Grosso a segmentação é mais fácil de ser notada do que no Mato Grosso do Sul. Os resultados sugerem maior regionalização dos polos de abate do Mato Grosso, com regiões de atuação dos frigoríficos bem definidas, e menor comunicação entre os polos de abate. Já no Mato Grosso do Sul, o fluxo, muito intenso, está direcionado para a região central do estado, favorecendo a interação maior entre os municípios.
Economic evaluations can be very useful in animal health management, including adopting control and prevention measures based on financial and data analyses. Diseases can impact the production of livestock considerably through, e.g. treatment costs, prevention, technical assistance, lowered performance and/or quality of feedstock. This review focuses on economic analyses on the impacts of parasitic diseases, control costs and strategies to improve economic efficiency in cattle farms, as well as on methodological analyses to measure the impacts of livestock diseases. From an economic point of view, information on the animal health aspects of farm management is wanting. It is necessary to determine what livestock-related variables are considered and how much value is placed on each variable to reach an objective conclusion. In other words, it is important to determine how much resources should be allocated to the detection, control and prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases in livestock systems.
RESUMOA intensificação de regras do comércio internacional e de países importadores da carne bovina brasileira exige que o país apresente maior rigor no controle sanitário dos seus produtos. Este trabalho visa auxiliar as instituições de pesquisa e a cadeia do mercado de carne, por meio de uma metodologia baseada em ferramentas de geoprocessamento que caracterizou o trânsito de bovinos nos estados do Paraná e de Santa Catarina, no período de 2008. No estado do Paraná, houve uma regionalização do fluxo bovino entre as microrregiões de origem e os polos de abate, ambos concentrados a norte e noroeste. Santa Catarina concentrou seus polos de abate a leste e sul, mas estes receberam animais oriundos de diferentes regiões do estado. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho pretende contribuir como ferramenta exploratória para implementação de ações estratégicas em sistemas de vigilância sanitária.Palavras-chave: geoprocessamento, redes de fluxo, trânsito animal, controle sanitário, vigilância epidemiológica ABSTRACT The international trade rules and the requirements of Brazil's commercial partners in the beef market makes animal defense organisms provide greater accuracy in controlling health products. This work aims to inform research and market chain meat institutions through GIS
<p>Neosporosis in cattle herds is associated with large economic losses, with abortion being the only clinical sign perceptible to the producer. Losses are estimated at over one billion dollars worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the abortion risk difference in seropositive animals using specific data for dairy herds in Brazil. Differences in the risk of abortion between seropositive and seronegative animals were calculated through a meta-analysis of previous data from several Brazilian states, and an increase of 10.04% (0.091 to 0.118) in the specific risk was identified. This finding indicates that more than 474,000 abortions caused by neosporosis may be occurring only in dairy cattle herds in Brazil, causing a major economic loss in the milk production chain. The use of this specific measure for Brazilian herds opens the possibility of developing cost-benefit analysis for neosporosis in Brazil using data that are more reliable</p>
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