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Purpose Pubertal onset and sexual development are usually normal in 47, XXX individuals; however, we report two cases of premature ovarian failure (POF) in infertile women with trisomy X. Methods Chromosome analysis was conducted with G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization using Xand Y-bearing probe. Hormonal administration was primarily Kaufmann's treatment or long-term estradiol treatment, followed by withdrawal bleeding from estrogen and progesterone. Results Two patients with trisomy X, aged 31 (patient 1) and 27 years (patient 2), were diagnosed with POF due to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Their ovaries were small. Patient 1 had a FSH level of 44.6 mIU/ml and patient 2 had a FSH level of 74.6 mIU/ml. In patient 1, with Kaufmann's treatment, the FSH decreased to 13.5 mIU/ml; however, follicle growth did not occur following HMG stimulation. In patient 2, FSH did not decrease despite Kaufmann's treatment; therefore, she was given a GnRH agonist and her FSH level decreased to 7.1 mIU/ml. However, her ovaries never responded to HMG stimulation. Conclusion We report on two patients with a 47, XXX karyotype who became infertile due to POF. We recommend that when a patient is diagnosed with trisomy X, the possibility of POF must be strongly considered.

A fully-automated on-line oxidation column-switching HPLC system has been developed for the determination of endogenous melatonin in human plasma and saliva. This HPLC system consists of four processes. In the first step, melatonin is fractionated using a reversed-phase C4 column (Proteonavi, 75 mm × 1.0 mm i.d.). In the second step, the obtained melatonin fraction is on-line collected, and oxidized to a highly-fluorescent compound, N- [(6-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)methyl]acetamide (6-MOQMA), by mixing with hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions. In the third step, the produced 6-MOQMA is concentrated, and the oxidation reagents are removed using an alkaline resistive reversed-phase column, Asahipak ODP (35 mm × 1.0 mm i.d.). In the final fourth step, the 6-MOQMA is determined by a microbore-ODS column packed with ultrafine particles (CAPCELL PAK C18 IF, 250 mm × 1.0 mm i.d.). The limit of detection of melatonin using this system is about 200 amol/injection, and the determination of endogenous melatonin in a small volume of human physiological fluids, such as 100 μL of plasma and 300 μL of saliva, was successfully accomplished.

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Abstract-To further predict the possible activity on memory disorders, the effect of MCI-2016 (bifemelane hydrochloride) was examined using the passive avoidance (PAR) failure technique as an experimental model of amnesia.