The adaptation of the mature PV water-pumping technology to large power irrigation applications requires the problems associated to PV power intermittencies and matching PV production with the irrigation needs to be resolved. This paper presents the innovations developed, implemented and tested in a PV irrigation prototype installed in a real well at an Irrigator Community in Alicante, Spain. The innovations elimínate the intermittences due to passing clouds, reducing the PV power by 80% in just few seconds without batteries, just using control algorithms in the frequency converter, avoiding water hammers and overvoltages. A North-South horizontal axis tracker has been used to extend the number of hours of irrigation per day and to provide daily constant profiles of PV power during the irrigation period. Moreover, the use of this tracker allows the nominal power of the PV generator to be reduced by 45% as compared to a flxed structure for the same volume of water. The analysis of the economic feasibility of the prototype compared with the cost of grid electricity shows savings of 60%. This prototype has been operating in the South of Morocco delivering more than 235 m 3 /day for the last three years.
Infants born preterm (<37 gestational weeks, GW) are at increased risk for regulatory difficulties and insecure attachment. However, the association between infants' regulatory behavior patterns and their later attachment organization is understudied in the preterm population. We addressed this gap by utilizing a Portuguese sample of 202 mother-infant dyads. Specifically, we compared the regulatory behavior patterns of 74 infants born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT, 32-36 GW) to those of 128 infants born full-term (FT, 37-42 GW) and evaluated the associations of these regulatory patterns with later attachment. Infants' regulatory behavior patterns (Social-Positive Oriented, Distressed-Inconsolable, or Self-Comfort Oriented) were evaluated in the Face-to-Face-Still-Face paradigm at 3 months, and their attachment organization (secure, insecureavoidant, or insecure-ambivalent) was evaluated in the Strange Situation at 12 months corrected age. In both samples, the Social-Positive-Oriented regulatory pattern
This paper presents an economic assessment of large power (from tens to hundreds kWp) PV irrigation systems in the ECOWAS region, evaluating the economic feasibility of substituting diesel-powered and grid-powered systems with PV ones. Seven countries from the ECOWAS region were considered and two irrigation operating modes were compared (pumping to a water tank or at constant pressure). Net Present Cost (NPC) values are in the 0.33-41.5x10 5 $ range, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values are in the 8-47% range and Payback Period (PBP) values are in the 2.1-10 years range. The economic savings in terms of Levelized Cost of Energy, LCOE, were also evaluated. LCOE for PV irrigation systems are in the 4.5-17.4 $cents/kWh range, which represent percentage savings of 30-84% if compared to diesel-powered and gridpowered systems.
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