Spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) is an important vegetable with high food value and sex specific versatile medicinal value. Momordica dioica, a perennial, rhizomatous, distinctly dioecious climber belongs to family cucurbitaceae. As there are no distinguished morphological markers to identify sex, an easy, rapid and reliable molecular method for female plant identification at pre-flowering stage in Momordica dioica is reported in this paper. Molecular tool like Random amplification of polymorphic DNA was used to identify female plants before pre-flowering stage. A total of 50 random decamer primers were used for screening of specific Random amplification of polymorphic DNA markers in male and female populations. Only one primer OPA-15 amplified genomic DNA in different patterns in male and female genotypes. This sex specific band OPA-15900 was identified only in female lines but not in male lines. This marker may be efficiently used as effective, convenient and reliable molecular markers for female identification in Momordica dioica at pre-flowering stages so that it can be cultivated and utilized for its medicinal purpose.
In angiosperms sexual dimorphism is proved to be an evolutionary advancement and plays a major role in crop improvement in general and in tree species in particular. Identification of sex in absence of morphological markers is a difficult task in such plants. Sex determination in all dioecious plants does not follow a common mechanism. In present investigation an attempt is made to understand the mechanism of sex determination in poly-gamo-dioecious tree species Simarouba glauca DC., an important oil yielding and medicinal plant. Scoring of morphological characters in male and female S. glauca reveals that both are morphologically identical with 2n=30 chromosomes and exhibit symmetric karyotype and with homomorphic median chromosomes with one pair of SAT chromosomes, but female plant possess chromosomes which are longer than male counterpart and the largest chromosome is more than two fold longer than the smallest.
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