NFkappaB is activated within large mononuclear cells in all layers of inflamed areas of the bowel in Crohn's disease and may represent key events in the inflammatory process. Increased activation in the submucosa of non-inflamed Crohn's disease bowel provides further evidence of early immunological activation in macroscopically and microscopically uninvolved areas and an underlying abnormal immune system in Crohn's disease.

No abstract

Several patients with pernicious anaemia have been reported to have developed leukaemia and the suggestion has been made that the two diseases are aetiologically associated.Sixteen hundred and twenty-five patients attending eight pernicious anaemia clinics were, therefore, followed from the time of their first attendance to I January, 1964 In most of the patients who developed both diseases the Ieukaemia was of the myeloid type ( I 5 out of a total of 21 reportedpreviously or in this series).In 1957, Blackburn reported three patients evidence, however, it was difficult t o decide who had developed leukaemia while under whether the association of the two diseases in treatment for pernicious anaemia and noted the same patients was due to chance, or whether seven similar events in the literature. On this it reflected an aetiological connection. Further