The main objective of this study is to identify, in the literature, articles about the occurrence of contamination from inanimate surfaces and a possible dissemination of resistant bacteria in the hospital environment. A bibliographic survey was performed with articles published in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, Science Direct, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Knowledge, between 2000 and 2008. Twenty-one articles were selected and analyzed. The analyzed studies highlighted the presence of bacteria on monitors, bed grids, tables, faucets, telephones, keyboards and other objects. There was a prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterococcus resistant to vancomycin, being the predictive factor the previous occupation of patients colonized by these microorganisms. There was a similarity observed among the isolated strains of colonized and/or infected patients and the strains of the environment by molecular typification. These evidences reinforce the need for knowledge and control of the sources of pathogens in the hospital environment.

The in vitro leishmanicidal activity of miltefosine® (Zentaris GmbH) was assessed against four medically relevant Leishmania species of Brazil: Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. The activity of miltefosine against these New World species was compared to its activity against the Old World strain, Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani, which is known to be sensitive to the effects of miltefosine. The IC50 and IC90 results suggested the New World species harboured similar in vitro susceptibilities to miltefosine; however, miltefosine was approximately 20 times more active against the Old World L. (L.) donovani than against the New World L. (L.) chagasi species. The selectivity index varied from 17.2-28.9 for the New World Leishmania species and up to 420.0 for L. (L.) donovani. The differences in susceptibility to miltefosine suggest that future clinical trials with this drug should include a laboratory pre-evaluation and a dose-defining step

No abstract

Objetivou-se identificar o conhecimento e a adesão às recomendações de biossegurança entre profissionais do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Minas Gerais de um município da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Realizou-se um estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Na coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado composto de questões sobre conhecimento e atitudes relativos à biossegurança, fatores dificultadores ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual e ocorrência de acidentes com material biológico. O conhecimento sobre a higienização das mãos foi verificado em 84,8% dos profissionais; 69,7% desconheciam a ação do álcool a 70%. O capote foi o equipamento de proteção individual mais difícil de ser utilizado. Os militares não sofreram acidente com material biológico, dado semelhante aos demais da literatura. Pretende-se provocar a reflexão dos profissionais da área e instituições responsáveis quanto à reavaliação da proposta relacionada à formação desses trabalhadores em biossegurança e saúde ocupacional.

No abstract