Seed dormancy accumulation and release is a finely regulated genetic program controlled by various environmental and developmental cues that are critical for plant survival and expansion. Light plays a key role in seed dormancy and germination, whereas the molecular mechanism underlying how light controls dormancy level is unclear. In the present study, WOX11 was identified as a hub transcription factor during the seed dormancy induction and release stages by high-resolution temporal RNA-Seq in Arabidopsis. This gene may have evolved from gymnosperms and expanded in angiosperms with highly conserved expression patterns in seeds. WOX11 and its homolog WOX12 were highly expressed from 2 days after pollination, and mRNA abundance was highly increased in the seed dormancy induction and release stages. We further demonstrated that WOX11 plays a role in the regulation of seed dormancy downstream of PHYB-mediated red light signaling during the seed dormancy accumulation stage, which indicates that WOX11/12 are newly identified components of red light signaling transduction and have roles in seed dormancy regulation. Altogether, our results suggested that WOX11/12-mediated PHYB signaling regulates seed dormancy in Arabidopsis, providing insight into the developmental regulation and evolutionary adaptation of plants to light environment changes.
The acquisition of dormancy capabilities has enabled plants to survive in adverse terrestrial environmental conditions. Dormancy accumulation and release is coupled with light signaling, which is well studied in Arabidopsis, but it is unclear in the distant nonvascular relative. We study the characteristics and function on dormancy regulation of a blue light receptor cryptochrome in Marchantia polymorpha (MpCRY).Here, we identified MpCRY via bioinformatics and mutant complement analysis. The biochemical characteristics were assessed by multiple protein-binding assays. The function of MpCRY in gemma dormancy was clarified by overexpression and mutation of MpCRY, and its mechanism was analyzed via RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses associated with hormone treatment.We found that the unique MpCRY protein in M. polymorpha undergoes both blue lightpromoted interaction with itself (self-interaction) and blue light-dependent phosphorylation. MpCRY has the specific characteristics of blue light-induced nuclear localization and degradation. We further demonstrated that MpCRY transcriptionally represses abscisic acid (ABA) signaling-related gene expression to suppress gemma dormancy, which is dependent on blue light signaling.Our findings indicate that MpCRY possesses specific biochemical and molecular characteristics, and modulates ABA signaling under blue light conditions to regulate gemma dormancy in M. polymorpha.
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