The bone protective effects of the hydrogen molecule (H2) have been demonstrated in several osteoporosis models while the underlying molecular mechanism has remained unclear. Osteoclast differentiation is an important factor related to the pathogenesis of bone-loss related diseases. In this work, we evaluated the effects of incubation with H2 on receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. We found that treatment with H2 prevented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells and BMMs. Treatment with H2 inhibits the ability to form resorption pits of BMMs stimulated by RANKL. Treatment with H2 reduced mRNA levels of osteoclast-specific markers including tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptor, cathepsin K, metalloproteinase-9, carbonic anhydrase typeII, and vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase. Treatment with H2 decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, suppressed NADPH oxidase activity, down-regulated Rac1 activity and Nox1 expression, reduced mitochondrial ROS formation, and enhanced nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation and heme oxygenase-1 activity. In addition, treatment with H2 suppressed RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 and c-Fos. Furthermore, treatment with H2 suppressed NF-κB activation and reduced phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, and protein kinases B (AKT) stimulated with RANKL. In conclusion, hydrogen molecules prevented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation associated with inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation and inactivation of NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT pathways.
Through the structure instability theory analysis of the coal roadway roof ,the author concluded that mechanical properties of rock, location, thickness and thickness ratio is the main factor affecting the instability and failure of rock structure. Capitalize on the roof caving hidden danger detector developed by the China university of mining and technology to synchronize, continuous and intensive monitor the rotational speed, thrust for synchronization and thrust. Based on the record ,the author inferred the coal seam roof lithology and rock structures of the different drilling location. Engineering practice shows that the use of roof caving hidden danger detector to identify lithology of strata and structure is in good agreement with the core test values. Coincidence rate reached 95.14% and the recognition effect is quite good.
Motor is one of the cores of electric vehicle, the performances of motor directly impact the performances of electric vehicle. The development of drive motor applied in electric vehicle is reviewed, the advantages and defects of several kinds of the motor developed in recent years are summarized, and the applications of control strategy too. The development of permanent magne brushless motors is prospected.
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