Purpose
Developing a sensitive SERS-based method to quantitatively detect serum biomarkers (Aβ1-42 and P-Tau-181) for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Methods
In this study, a novel SERS-based sandwich immunoassay, which consists of tannin-capped silver nanoparticles and magnetic graphene oxide (Fe
3
O
4
@GOs), was developed. We firstly applied this method for the detection of protein standards in buffer solution, obtaining the regression equation. Then, its potential value on real serum samples of AD was further explored.
Results
The detection linear range of Aβ1-42 and P-Tau-181 protein standards were observed to range from 100 pg mL
−1
to 10 fg mL
−1
, 100 pg mL
−1
to 1 fg mL
−1
respectively. We finally explored clinical application of the proposed method in 63 serum samples. As a result, P-tau-181 differentiated AD from non-AD dementia patients (AUC = 0.770), with a more favored ROC than Aβ1-42 (AUC = 0.383).
Conclusion
The developed SERS-based immunoassay is successfully applied to the determination of Aβ1-42 and P-Tau-181 in human serum specimens, which provides a promising tool for the early diagnosis of AD.
Intelligent test paper generation belongs to an important research topic in the field of computer-aided education. Among them, Genetic Algorithm (GA), as an algorithm with high efficiency and performance, is widely used in the intelligent test paper generating system. But generally speaking, traditional GA always has some problems, such as local optimal solution and prematurity. The traditional genetic algorithm is improved in the aspects of the initial population, fitness function and some genetic operators to make it more in line with the requirements of intelligent paper generation, improving the efficiency and success ratio.
The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of 30CrMo steel simulated by compact strip production process was constructed. And the effect of austenite deformation on the CCT behaviour was investigated. The results showed that the microstructure gradually transformed from proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite to bainite and martensite with the increase of cooling rate, accompanying a refined microstructure and an increasing hardness. When the cooling rate was lower than 0.1°C s −1 , the desired microstructure of ferrite and pearlite could be obtained. And the austenite deformation strongly promoted the formation of proeutectoid ferrite, which led to a decreasing hardness of deformed steel. When the cooling rate was larger than 10°C s −1 , the fully martensite microstructure was obtained. And the austenite deformation inhibited martensite transformation, resulting in a decrease of the martensite transformation starting (M s ) temperature from 391°C to 368°C.
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