Asymmetric electrochemical catalysis, an emerging frontline in asymmetric catalysis and electro‐organic synthesis, is summarized. Representative works are classified, with respect to the external chiral resources, including chiral media, chiral mediator, chiral catalyst, and chiral electrode. This concept article is expected to provide readers with the general concepts and perspectives of each chiral electrochemical catalysis mode, and to indicate the potential and future development of asymmetric electrochemical catalysis.
Removing specular highlight in an image is a fundamental research problem in computer vision and computer graphics. While various methods have been proposed, they typically do not work well for real‐world images due to the presence of rich textures, complex materials, hard shadows, occlusions and color illumination, etc. In this paper, we present a novel specular highlight removal method for real‐world images. Our approach is based on two observations of the real‐world images: (i) the specular highlight is often small in size and sparse in distribution; (ii) the remaining diffuse image can be represented by linear combination of a small number of basis colors with the sparse encoding coefficients. Based on the two observations, we design an optimization framework for simultaneously estimating the diffuse and specular highlight images from a single image. Specifically, we recover the diffuse components of those regions with specular highlight by encouraging the encoding coefficients sparseness using L0 norm. Moreover, the encoding coefficients and specular highlight are also subject to the non‐negativity according to the additive color mixing theory and the illumination definition, respectively. Extensive experiments have been performed on a variety of images to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority over the previous methods.
Enamine catalysis is a prevalent strategy for the functionalization of aldehydes/ketones with electrophiles. Recently, the advent and development of oxidative enamine catalysis have allowed for the coupling of enamines with readily available nucleophiles under oxidative conditions, significantly expanding the domain of typical enamine catalysis. In this perspective, we summarize the recent advances in asymmetric oxidative enamine catalysis. On the basis of the oxidative strategy, these could be classified as (1) oxidation of nucleophile, (2) oxidation of enamine via single-electron transfer (SOMO catalysis), and (3) oxidation of enamine to α,β-unsaturated iminium ion, i.e. oxidative iminium catalysis. These strategies have enabled efficient oxidative functionalizations of aldehydes/ketones with various O-, N-, and C-centered nucleophiles in a highly stereocontrolled manner.
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