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In this work, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Corydoras duplicareus. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,667 bp, with the base composition of 32.90% A, 26.55% T, 25.94% C, and 14.61% G. It contains two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The arrangement of these genes is the same as that found in the Siluriformes. All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for cox1 that begins with GTG. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) amino acid sequence of C. duplicareus and other 27 species from 8 genera were used for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method. The topology demonstrated that all species are divided into two groups (Callichthyidae and Cyprinidae), and the C. duplicareus was clustered with C.nattereri.

ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to investigate the grass carp hemorrhagic infection pathway and its key-related genes. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) might cause hemorrhagic disease in grass carps. Healthy grass carp fingerlings (N = 60) were divided into control and infected groups. Fish in the control group were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 0.6% fish physiological saline; the infected group received 5,000,000 50% tissue culture infective doses of GCRV 873 standard strain, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus strain, ip, in 0.5 mL. Illumina HiSeq TM 2000 was used for transcriptome sequencing, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used to detect complement factors II (C2), III (C3), and V (C5); profibrinolysin (PLG); and coagulation factor II (F2) expression. A total of 2,722,223 reads were detected in the control group, and 2,751,111 in the infected group. Among 11,023 unigenes obtained after transcriptome assembly, 10,021 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis, a collection of databases dealing with genomes and biological pathways, were performed to classify unigenes into functional categories, to understand gene function and identify regulatory pathways. Real-time PCR analysis showed that C2, C3, C5, PLG, and F2 expression levels were down-regulated, confirming results of pathway-enrichment analysis. This is the first application of highthroughput sequencing technology to investigate the in vivo effects of GCRV, on genes and pathways involved in the immune response to infection in grass carp.

ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells (A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3).MethodsCytotoxicity assay was performed to determine the optimal doses of DHA in this experiment. The effects of DHA on invasion ability were assessed by invasion assay. The expressions of messenger RNA and/or proteins associated with invasion or metastasis were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction or Western blot. The effect of DHA on cell metastasis was assessed in xenograft model of zebrafish.ResultsDocosahexaenoic acid and α-linolenic acid could reduce the cell vitalities in dose-dependent manner. However, DHA inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, but α-linolenic acid did not (**P < 0.01). Docosahexaenoic acid could downregulate the expressions of WAVE3, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and MMP-9, and upregulate KISS-1, TIMP-1, and PPAR-γ, which negatively correlated with cell invasion and metastasis (*P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid restrained the development of subintestinal vessels and cancer cell metastasis in xenograft model of zebrafish (**P < 0.01).ConclusionsDocosahexaenoic acid inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that DHA is a promising candidate for ovarian cancer therapy.

Functional trait approaches have greatly improved the mechanistic understanding of the impacts of biodiversity in ecosystem. We evaluated how hydrological gradients (i.e., soil water content and elevation) affected the taxonomic diversity, functional identity, and functional diversity and assessed how changes in these measures of diversity ultimately drove variations in above‐ground biomass (AGB). Results showed that a combination of hydrological gradients and functional trait composition (i.e., the community weighted means, the single‐trait functional diversity and the multiple‐trait functional diversity) better explained variations (40.8%) of AGB. No significant relationships between taxonomic diversity and AGB were observed. The dominant species became taller with thicker stem, and co‐occurring species showed greater divergent distribution of stem diameter towards higher soil water content. As elevation increased, the dominant plant had thinner leaves with later onset of flowering and longer flowering duration, and co‐occurring species showed less divergent distribution of lamina thickness and leaf dry‐mass content. Our results highlighted that the positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relations were largely attributed to the co‐operations of selection and complementary effects, as evidences showed that the dominant trait values (i.e., community weighted mean of shoot height) and trait diversity (i.e., functional evenness) improved biomass production of wetland plants.

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