alternative clean energy supplies and pollution-free technologies turns out to be high priority. [1,2] The CO 2 reduction project plays a pivotal role in response to the concerns because of its capability of exhausted gas consumption and combustible fuels generation. [3][4][5][6] Gas-phase thermal reduction of CO 2 to CO via endothermic reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction becomes an attractive strategy on account of abundant accessibility of thermal catalytic active sites. On the same time removing excessive CO 2 in atmosphere, the emitted CO can be also utilized directly as the feedstock for further fuel manufacturing (e.g., via the Fischer-Tropsch process). [7][8][9][10] However, to achieve purposeful CO 2 conversion, massive nonrenewable energy is indispensable to be invested in the reaction. Compared with traditional energy, alternative inexhaustible energy input has been discovered via photothermal process which effectively utilizes full spectrum of sunlight to lead accurate heating location and instantaneously raise the surface temperature of the catalysts. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Indium-oxide-based materials are a typical thermal catalyst with potential prospect for photothermal reduction of CO 2 . Its catalytic active sites promote the adsorption and activation for thermochemical CO 2 hydrogenation, [17,18] but the wide band (2.8 eV) is unfavorable for photothermal conversion for a long time. In order to expanding the limited optical adsorption of In 2 O 3 under sunlight, there have been persistent efforts to alter the material composition of In 2 O 3 , such as element doping, [19] precious metals supporting, [20] and nanostructured substance coating. [21] For example, when Bi metallic dopants are introduced, the optical adsorption can be modified as the result of electronic hybridization between Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals, upwardly shifting the valence band (VB) and consequently reducing bandgap. [22] Recently, Ozin group report a hybrid catalyst consisting of a vertically aligned silicon nanowire (SiNW) support evenly coated by In 2 O 3−x (OH) y nanoparticles to minimized reflection losses and enhanced light trapping within the SiNW support. [23] Basically, eminent photothermal catalysts are composite materials, but the pure ones have not come up yet. In order to construct various active sites to activate wide range of reactants, designing and modulating Photothermal CO 2 reduction technology has attracted tremendous interest as a solution for the greenhouse effect and energy crisis, and thereby it plays a critical role in solving environmental problems and generating economic benefits. In 2 O 3−x has emerged as a potential photothermal catalyst for CO 2 conversion into CO via the light-driven reverse water gas shift reaction. However, it is still a challenge to modulate the structural and electronic characteristics of In 2 O 3 to enhance photothermocatalytic activity synergistically. In this work, a novel route to activate inert In(OH) 3 into 2D black In 2 O 3−x nanosheets via photoinduced defect eng...

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise as cellular vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic gene products because they can be isolated, expanded, and genetically modified in vitro and possess tumororiented homing capacity in vivo. 1 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a (HNF4a) is a dominant transcriptional regulator of hepatocyte differentiation and hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). 2,3 We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of HNF4a activates various hepatic-specific genes and enhances MSC differentiation.4 However, the extent that overexpression of HNF4a in MSCs influences HCC progression has yet to be examined.

The formation of lateral branches has an important and fundamental contribution to the remarkable developmental plasticity of plants, which allows plants to alter their architecture to adapt to the challenging environment conditions. The Gibberellin (GA) phytohormones have been known to regulate the outgrowth of axillary meristems (AMs), but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that DELLA proteins regulate axillary bud formation by interacting and regulating the DNA‐binding ability of SQUAMOSA‐PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE 9 (SPL9), a microRNA156‐targeted squamosa promoter binding protein‐like transcription factor. SPL9 participates in the initial regulation of axillary buds by repressing the expression of LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS), a key regulator in the initiation of AMs, and LAS contributes to the specific expression pattern of the GA deactivation enzyme GA2ox4, which is specifically expressed in the axils of leaves to form a low‐GA cell niche in this anatomical region. Nevertheless, increasing GA levels in leaf axils by ectopically expressing the GA‐biosynthesis enzyme GA20ox2 significantly impaired axillary meristem initiation. Our study demonstrates that DELLA‐SPL9‐LAS‐GA2ox4 defines a core feedback regulatory module that spatially pattern GA content in the leaf axil and precisely control the axillary bud formation in different spatial and temporal.