ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of tenofovir and entecavir in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B.MethodsThe Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Clinical Trials and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the comparison between tenofovir and entecavir in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) since the date of database inception to July 2019. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the obtained studies and extracted the outcome indexes. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis.ResultsEarly on, tenofovir had a greater ability to inhibit the hepatitis B virus, I2 = 0% [RR = 1.08, 95% CI (1.03, 1.13), P<0.01] (96 weeks). Entecavir can normalize the ALT levels earlier, I2 = 0% [RR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.77, 0.98), P = 0.02] (48 weeks). However, there was no statistically significant difference between TDF and ETV at 144 weeks. Tenofovir was as effective as entecavir in terms of HBeAg clearance and HBeAg seroconversion, I2 = 0% [RR = 1.05, 95% CI (0.68, 1.62), P = 0.82]; I2 = 69% [RR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.54, 1.61), P = 0.80]. The difference in the incidence of elevated creatine kinase levels was not statistically significant I2 = 0% [RR = 0.66, 95% CI (0.27, 1.60), P = 0.35].ConclusionsTenofovir and entecavir were equally effective in the treatment of patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B. In addition, TDF has an advantage in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Additional RCTs and a large-sample prospective cohort study should be performed.

Background: The goals of improving quality of life and increasing longevity are receiving growing amounts of attention. Body weight and lipid metabolism are closely related to various complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to rank SGLT inhibitors according to their efficacy with regard to weight and evaluate the effect of SGLT inhibitors on lipid metabolism at 24 weeks of treatment. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through June 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the selected studies and extracted the outcome indexes. ADDIS 1.16.5 and STATA 16 software were used to perform the network meta-analysis and draw the plots. Results: Ultimately, 36 studies were selected and included in this study. We found that all SGLT inhibitors were effective at reducing weight; canagliflozin was the most effective. SGLT inhibitors and placebo were not associated with significantly different serum cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors lowered serum triglyceride levels and increased serum high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors also reduced the level of alanine aminotransferase. Conclusions: SGLT inhibitors can bring about weight loss in patients with T2DM and can also improve lipid metabolism. Therefore, patients with hyperlipidemia who have been unsuccessful at losing weight should consider taking SGLT inhibitors. In addition, SGLT inhibitors are hepatoprotective and appear to be safe for patients with mild to moderate liver dysfunction. Trial Registration: CRD42020198516.

Objective Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects children’s quality of life and learning. The purpose of this research was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy for IBS in children. Methods The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to January 2021 exploring the use of probiotic adjuvant therapy for IBS in children. Strict screening and quality evaluations of the eligible articles were performed independently by 2 researchers. Outcome indexes were extracted, and a meta-analysis of the data was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and STATA 16 software. Finally, the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed with the RCT bias risk assessment tool recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (5.1.0). Results A total of nine RCTs were included. In children, probiotics significantly reduced the abdominal pain score (I2 = 95%, SMD = -1.15, 95% (-2.05, -0.24), P = 0.01) and Subject’s Global Assessment of Relief (SGARC) score (I2 = 95%, MD = -3.84, 95% (-6.49, -1.20), P = 0.004), increased the rate of abdominal pain treatment success (I2 = 0%, RR = 3.44, 95% (1.73, 6.87), P = 0.0005) and abdominal pain relief (I2 = 40%, RR = 1.48, 95% (0.96, 2.28), P = 0.08), and reduced the frequency of abdominal pain (I2 = 2%, MD = -0.82, 95% (-1.57, -0.07), P = 0.03). However, we found that it might not be possible to relieve abdominal pain by increasing the daily intake of probiotics. Conclusions Probiotics are effective at treating abdominal pain caused by IBS in children, however, there was no significant correlation between abdominal pain and the amount of probiotics ingested. More attention should be given to IBS in children, and a standardized evaluation should be adopted.

Background: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of sotagliflozin (SOTA) adjuvant therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Through April 2019, the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were electronically searched to identify randomized controlled trials exploring SOTA adjuvant therapy for T1DM. Strict screening and quality evaluations of the obtained literature were performed independently by 2 researchers. Outcome indexes were extracted, and a meta-analysis of the data was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Results: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the patients in the placebo group, the patients in the SOTA group had a lower hemoglobin A1c (mean difference [MD] = −0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.34, −0.22], P < .01), lower total daily insulin use (MD = −8.89, 95% CI [−11.64, −6.13], P < .01), faster weight loss (MD = −3.03, 95% CI [−3.79, −2.26], P < .01), better fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose control (MD = −0.75, 95% CI [−1.04, −0.45], P < .01; MD = −2.42, 95% CI [−3.17, −1.67], P < .01), and a higher rate of well-controlled glucose levels (relative risk = 1.75, 95% CI [1.55, 1.99], P < .01), while no significant difference in the incidence of severe hypoglycemic events was found between the SOTA and placebo groups (risk difference [RD] = −0.01, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.00], P = .13). The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was higher in the SOTA group than in the placebo group (RD = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.04], P < .01). The incidence of genital mycotic infection was higher in the SOTA group than in the placebo group (RD = 0.06, 95% CI [0.05, 0.08], P < .01). No significant difference in the incidence of urinary tract infections was detected between the SOTA group and the placebo group (RD = 0.00, 95% CI [−0.01, 0.01], P = 0.97). Conclusions: SOTA is a potential drug for the treatment of T1DM and is effective for controlling blood sugar. The main adverse reactions to SOTA are genital mycotic infections and diabetic ketoacidosis. We must further assess the severity of diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SOTA.

No abstract

Background:Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has long required insulin treatment. Sotagliflflozin (SOTA), as a dual SGLT-1/2 inhibitor, has the potential to be the first oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) to be approved for T1DM in the US market. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of SOTA for T1DM.Methods:Web of Science, PubMed datebase, Cochrane Library, Embase, Clinical Trials, and CNKI will be searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring SOTA adjuvant therapy for T1DM. Strict screening and quality evaluation will be performed on the obtained literature independently by 2 researchers; outcome indexes will be extracted. The bias risk of the included studies will be evaluated based on Cochrane assessment tool. Meta-analysis will be performed on the data using Revman 5.3 software.Result:We will provide practical and targeted results assessing the efficacy and safety of SOTA for T1DM patients, to provide reference for clinical use of SOTA.Conclusion:The stronger evidence about the efficacy and safety of SOTA for T1DM patients will be provided for clinicians.Trial registration number:PROSPERO CRD42019133099.

No abstract

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TAF, TDF and ETV in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive Chronic Hepatitis B. Compare the efficacy of several drugs by sorting them. Condition being studied: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is indicated when there is continued positivity for the hepatitis B virus INPLASY 1 International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols INPLASY PROTOCOL Comparative efficacy of the front-line anti-HBV drugs in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B, A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis