Infections due to metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing Gram negative rods are a cause of high mortality and morbidity. Early detection by an economical and accurate method may improve patient outcome. This study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combined disc method for MBL detection by comparing it with MBL-Etest. Methodology and Results: This cross-sectional, validation study was carried out in the
Objective: To assess the working knowledge of health care workers (HCW) regarding the appropriate use of disinfectants against Coronavirus in hospital care settings using a questionnaire.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore, Pakistan, from Apr 2020.
Methodology: Two hundred health care workers were consecutively selected and divided into two groups, irrespective of gender. Each participant had to fill a structured proforma containing twenty-five close-ended questions.
Result: Group-1 participants were 126 (63%) and group 2 participants were 74 (37%). 117 (92.8%) group-1 participants were 20–30 years of age and degree holders while 40 (54%) group-2 participants were 31-40 years old and diploma holders. Significant awareness (p<0.001) regarding disinfectants was observed in group-1 (102 81%); all the degree holders were well aware of disinfectants and required less training. In contrast, in group-2, 44 (59%) were fully aware of disinfectants; the rest did not qualify and needed proper training. Participants with a good educational status and work experience of >10 years were the high achievers in both groups.
Conclusion: This study revealed that majority of the participants knew about the correct usage of disinfectants and they were fully prepared to handle the ongoing pandemic. Another finding was that awareness was directly related to relevant education, prolonged work experience and age
Objective: To provide a laboratory-based surveillance report of typhoid fever cases diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore during the ongoing outbreak.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Mar 2018 to Jun 2019.
Methodology: All positive blood culture samples that yielded the growth of Salmonella Typhi were included in the study. The samples were dealt with according to standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: During the study period, (377) Typhoidal Salmonellae were isolated, of which 327 (86.7%) were Salmonella Typhi and 50 (13.3%) were Paratyphi A. The percentage of XDR Salmonella isolates was 41.9%.
Conclusion: Extensively drug-resistant typhoid fever cases reported in this study represent just the tip of an iceberg. Therefore, nationwide surveillance efforts must be undertaken along with implementing effective preventive measures.
Salmonella enterica serovar typhi causes one of the most common blood stream infections, the typhoid fever. However, it can cause pyogenic infections involving different sites as well. Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of Salmonella typhi are resistant to all first line anti-typhoidal drugs (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) as well as ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. XDR-strains were first reported from Pakistan in 2016, and since then the strains have been spreading. These XDR Salmonella cases not only pose a therapeutic challenge but also predispose to complications as a result of prolonged illness and delayed treatment. Here, we report a case of superficial thrombophlebitis at intravenous cannula site in a 49-year male, who was being treated for XDR-typhoid fever. To the best of our knowledge, thrombophlebitis of a superficial vein is an unusual complication of Salmonella typhi, not previously reported in literature.
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