Objective: Anemia is responsible for poor outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients. It’s related to disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) agent, zidovudine (ZDV) is also known to trigger anemia in the early initiation. However, studies found improved hemoglobin (Hb) levels of HIV/AIDS patients several months after ART routinely taken. This study aims to find the impact and correlation of ART on the hemoglobin level of HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was done at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia. Data were collected from medical records and laboratory results. A total sample of 64 HIV/AIDS patients with at least 6 mo on ART was included in this study. Results: Anemia was found in 34 (53.1%) of patients before ART initiation. After taking ART for 6 mo, we observed a significant improvement in patients’ hemoglobin levels, 48 (75%) shows increased hemoglobin levels. The paired t-test revealed a correlation between ART and Hb level (p<0.001). Fourteen (43.8%) patient taking ZDV shows no improvement, even declining of Hb level. Chi-square analysis performed with p = 0.001 to ZDV and lower or no improvement of hemoglobin level. Both results considered statistically significant (p-value less than 0.05) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Relative risk (RR) of no improvement or decline in Hb level is 7 folds higher in the ZDV group than the non-ZDV group. Conclusion: This study concludes that ART affects hemoglobin levels in HIV/AIDS patients. Zidovudine regimen is more prone to lower or no increase of Hb.
Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase worldwide, followed by the incidence of complications, which ends up causing morbidity and mortality in patients. There were many factors related to the incidence of complications in diabetes mellitus. Patient’s adherence to their medication is considered to have an impact on the complications in diabetic patients. Methods: The study was conducted on 68 patients with a cross-sectional method with consecutive sampling. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patients were interviewed using a demographic data questionnaire and medication adherence rating scale – 5 (MARS-5). Other data and diagnosis of complications were collected through medical records. The epidemiological analysis was carried out using the prevalence ratio. Results: There were 47 (69.1%) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalized due to complications, and 56 (82.4%) patients have poor adherence to treatment. There was a significant relationship between treatment adherence and the incidence of complications in diabetes mellitus patients with p = 0.001 and it was found that there was a risk of 3.14 times in patients who have poor adherence to be hospitalized due to complications. Conclusion: Treatment adherence affects the incidence of complications in patients with T2DM.
Abstrak: Latar Belakang: Depresi pada lansia yang tinggal di panti werdha merupakan akibat dari rasa kesepian dan kurangnya kunjungan keluarga, disamping penurunan kondisi fisik yang dialami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan frekuensi kunjungan keluarga dengan status depresi lansia di Panti Werdha Kristen Hana. Metode: Studi analitik cross sectional dengan consecutive sampling, responden sebanyak 55 orang lansia. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan Geriatric Depression Scale 15 question (GDS-15 - Short form). Hasil: Proporsi lansia jarang dikunjungi dan mengalami depresi 40%, sedangkan pada lansia sering dikunjungi dan mengalami depresi 25%. Hasil uji chi-square didapatkan p-value = 0,260 dan hasil uji epidemiologi didapatkan PRR = 1,6. Simpulan: Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara frekuensi kunjungan keluarga terhadap status depresi pada lansia di Panti Werdha Kristen Hana. Kata Kunci: Depresi, lansia, kunjungan keluarga, panti werdha Fundings: -
A 74-year-old male with alkaptonuria (AKU) was admitted to the emergency department with left distal femur pain and Rorabeck type 2 periprosthetic femur fracture following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). AKU is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by homogentisic acid buildup in connective tissues and joints, leading to ochronosis and arthritis. Multiple joint replacements are common in AKU patients, and periprosthetic fractures may occur due to osteopenia. Rorabeck type 2 fracture is treated with intramedullary nailing or locked plating. The patient underwent internal fixation with locking plate and bone grafts using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) procedure, resulting in good fracture healing. The case highlights the importance of considering AKU as a differential diagnosis in arthritis patients and managing periprosthetic fractures with care in AKU patients.
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