Background: The Bethesda system of reporting thyroid cytopathology is a standardised system, improving communication between cytopathologists and clinicians, leading to more consistent management approaches. The aim of the research work was to study the utility of Bethesda system in reporting thyroid cytology with histopathological correlation of all the cases undergoing surgical resection.Methods: We studied all the thyroid cytology cases received between November 2012 to April 2014, and classified them according to the Bethesda system. Histopathological correlation was done for all the cases which underwent surgical resection with evaluation of cyto-histological discrepancies.Results: Out of 484 cases studied, 432(89.2%) were benign lesions, 20(4.1%) were malignant,18 (3.7%) were Unsatisfactory/Nondiagnostic, 10(2%) were Follicular neoplasm/Suspicious for neoplasm, 3 (0.6%) were suspicious for malignancy, and 1(0.002%) case was reported as Atypia of undetermined significance. Out of the 54 cases available for histopathological follow-up, cyto-histological discrepancies were noted in 5 cases (9.2%). Statistical analysis of the present study showed that cytological analysis of thyroid lesions by Bethesda system has got high sensitivity (72.72%), high specificity (95.3%) with a positive predictive value of 80% and negative predictive value of 93.1% and a high accuracy (90.7%).Conclusions: Reviewing the thyroid FNAs (fine needle aspirates) using Bethesda system allowed a more specific cytological diagnosis with better interlaboratory agreement. As evidenced by its high sensitivity and specificity, Bethesda system has proven to be a very effective guide for the clinical management of thyroid nodules.

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Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world, affecting mainly women residing in low- and middle-income countries. Progression from a pre-invasive phase to that of an invasive phase generally takes years and provides a window of opportunity to screen for and treat precancerous lesions. Methods This study is being conducted at four sites in north Karnataka, India. Community sensitization activities have been organized in the study areas to create awareness among stakeholders, including elected representatives, physicians, health care workers, and potential participants. Organized community based as well as hospital-based screening is being conducted using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Screen positive women are referred to respective study hospitals for colposcopy and directed biopsy. Participants with confirmed high-grade cervical dysplasia (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or HSIL) who fit all other eligibility criteria will be recruited to the study and will receive cryotherapy using CryoPop®, an innovative new cryotherapy device. Discussion There is a need to develop an inexpensive, simple, and effective cryotherapy device for use by frontline health care providers at locations where screening and timely treatment can be given, accelerating access to cervical cancer prevention services and minimizing loss to follow-up of women with precancerous lesions who need treatment. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry - India CTRI/2019/01/017289 ClinicalTrials.Gov number NCT04154644. Registered on November 6, 2019.

Mesothelioma of peritoneum is a rare malignancy of serosal membranes. Here we report a case of 55year old female with mass per abdomen reported as epithelioid type of peritoneal mesothelioma. The diagnostic challenge in our cases was due to non specific presentation and the varied histologic morphology of tumor cells for which immunohistochemical studies with markers calretinin, vimentin, cytokeratin 20, cytokeratin5/6, CD34 and HMB34 had to be performed to arrive at the diagnosis. The tumor cells showed positvity for calretinin, vimentin and cytokeratin 20. The final diagnosis was possible due to correlation of histological and immunohistochemical characteristics been consistent with mesothelial origin.