SummaryBackgroundThe aim of the study was to determine the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisor teeth in the Indian subpopulation with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material/MethodsCBCT images of 200 patients with 800 permanent mandibular incisors, fulfilling necessary inclusion criteria and aged 18 to 60 years were evaluated. The number of roots, number of root canals and canal configuration were investigated and then classified according to Vertucci’s classification of root canals. The effect of gender on the incidence of root canal morphology was also investigated.ResultsAll the permanent mandibular incisors had a single root. The majority of mandibular incisors (66.5%) had a single root with a single canal. The prevalence of second canals was as follows: right central incisor – 33.5%, left central incisor – 30%, right lateral incisors – 33.5% and left lateral incisor – 36.5%. According to gender, 15.2% of men and 20.4% of women had a second root canal. Type 1 Vertucci configuration was most prevalent, followed by type 3, type 2, type 5 and type 4 in that order.ConclusionsType 1 Vertucci’s classification (64.5%) was the most prevalent canal configuration in the mandibular anterior teeth in the Indian population. Type 5 Vertucci’s classification was the most frequently observed canal configuration of the two-canalled teeth. CBCT is an excellent imaging modality for detection of different canal configurations of mandibular incisors.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral potentially-malignant disorders (PMDS) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods: From 1985 to 2015, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched using different combinations of the following key words: PDT, oral precancer, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, verrucous hyperplasia, oral submucous fibrosis, and HNSCC. Review articles, experimental studies, case reports, commentaries, letters to the editor, unpublished articles, and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. Results:Twenty-six studies were included in the present study. The number of patients ranged from 2 to 147, with a mean age of 50-67 years. The reported numbers of PMDS and HNSCC ranged between 5 and 225. Photosensitizers used were aminolevulinic acid, meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin, Foscan, hematoporphyrin derivatives, Photofrin, Photosan, and chlorine-e6. Laser wavelength, power density, irradiation duration were 585-652 nm, 50-500 mW/cm 2 , and 1-143 minutes, respectively. Complete, partial, and no response to PDT was found in 22.58%-100%, 4%-66%, and 0%-38.70% of PMDS, respectively, and 16%-100% of complete response in HNSCC patients. Conclusion:PDT is effective in the management of PMDS and HNSCC.

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Pyogenic granulomas and hemangiomas of oral cavity are well-known benign soft tissue lesions. Though pyogenic granuloma is known to occur most commonly on the gingiva and capillary hemangioma on lips, cheek and tongue, occurrence of these lesions on buccal mucosa is rare. It makes clinical diagnosis quite challenging because of such an uncommon location, as they sometimes may mimic more serious lesions such as malignancies. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia and excised growth was sent for histopathological examination. This case report presents a case of soft tissue exophytic mass present on the buccal mucosa which was initially thought to be a pyogenic granuloma clinically and turned out to be capillary hemangioma on histopathological examination. In spite of their benign nature, intraoral capillary hemangiomas are always clinically important to be diagnosed well in time and should be managed accordingly.